kawai kaoru

A decrease in the quality of sleep is believed to cause anxiety and worsen depression. Comparisons of salivary melatonin levels with different factors including quality of sleep, state and trait anxieties, and depression, were conducted to examine whether there is a relationship between melatonin, presumably associated with sleep, and psychological stress. The saliva of healthy young females was collected during the daytime and before they went to bed at night (when they were awake and resting in a sitting position), and salivary melatonin levels were measured. The quality of sleep was scored using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-a questionnaire method. State and trait anxieties, and depression were scored using other questionnaire methods: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. The following findings were obtained: (1) Salivary melatonin levels measured during the daytime and before going to bed were higher in females with a high depression score, compared to those with a low score, and there was a correlation between the depression scores and salivary melatonin levels measured at night; and (2) salivary melatonin levels measured before going to bed at night (in a sitting position) were higher in females with a high state anxiety score, suggesting a correlation between state anxiety scores and salivary melatonin levels during the night. Both depression and a sense of anxiety are forms of psychological stress. Therefore, it is assumed that, when a person is under psychological stress, the action of melatonin as a ligand on its receptor is reduced. Meaning psychological stress may induce oxidative stress in the body. On the other hand, no correlation was noted between the quality of sleep and salivary melatonin levels during the night, presumably because saliva was collected when the subjects were awake and sitting, rather than sleeping.

We established a highly reproducible, simple and rapid simultaneous measurement method in which blood plasma can be directly injected into high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) without conducting conventional extraction of kynurenine (Kyn) and tryptophan (Trp) from blood plasma. In this method, Kyn and Trp were first separated from proteins present in blood plasma using a pre-column. Then, by column-switching, the separated Kyn and Trp were automatically injected into a separation column. The recoveries of Kyn and Trp determined in blood plasma by this method were 100.0 ± 0.9 and 100.0 ± 1.4%, respectively. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In order to investigate the effect of mental stress on the tryptophan metabolism, a stress model of visual display terminals work was loaded on healthy students. Before and just after stress, plasma samples were collected and serotonin, tryptophan and kynurenine were assayed. The plasma concentration of serotonin was increased by visual display terminals work. Both Trp and Kyn concentrations were decreased after stress load. These results suggest that serotonin formation from tryptophan may be accelerated, resulting in the suppressing of kynurenine metabolism from tryptophan. Furthermore, when these subjects were divided into two groups, one group of those accustomed to the personal computer and another group of those not accustomed, the changes of above amines and scores of Profile of Mood States in the latter group were larger than that in the former group. These results also suggest that the activation of the person with a strong psychological load is larger than that of a weak person. © 2007.