OTAKA YOHEI

BACKGROUND: The use of diapers among older adults is increasing in aging societies. However, the optimal method of wearing them remains unknown. We aimed to explore procedural variations in leg-through motion during diaper wearing in older adults. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 19 facilities in Japan. Individuals aged 65-99 years in nursing homes/adult daycare facilities and able to maintain a sitting posture in a chair were recruited via convenience sampling between March 2024 and January 2025. Leg-through motion during diaper wearing was recorded with the participants seated in a chair. The motion patterns were visually classified according to predetermined criteria. The classification of the observed motion patterns was subjected to a simple descriptive analysis. The inter-rater agreement of the classifications between the two assessors was determined using Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Among 149 older adults (mean [standard deviation] age: 87.0 [7.2] years), the motions "keep the foot off the floor and use both hands" and "keep feet on the floor and use both hands" collectively accounted for 65.7% of the initial leg motions. For the subsequent leg, three motions-"keep the foot off the floor and use contralateral hand," "keep the foot off the floor and use ipsilateral hand," and "keep the foot off the floor and use both hands"-accounted for a total of 59.1%. Furthermore, the leg-through motion patterns varied according to the participants' usual means of mobility. The inter-rater agreement was good for the initial leg (kappa = 0.72) and subsequent leg (0.80). CONCLUSIONS: We classified the motion patterns of older adults during diaper wearing. Our results provide fundamental insights into appropriate care and rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, these findings inform further hypothesis-driven research on diaper-wearing kinematics and support the development of effective strategies to enhance independence diaper use in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop and validate a model to predict gait independence at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation in individuals with subacute hemiparetic stroke who have very severe gait disorder. METHODS: Overall, 298 individuals with subacute hemiparetic stroke and completely dependent gait were selected in one hospital as the training cohort. Seventy-seven individuals were selected in another hospital as the validation cohort. The prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis, with individual characteristics selected based on a p-value threshold (<0.10) in the training cohort. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated in the training cohort, and external validation was conducted using the validation cohort. RESULTS: In total, 102 (34.2%) and 40 (52.0%) individuals in the training and validation cohorts achieved independent gait while hospitalized, respectively. The prediction model factors were age, days from onset to admission, stroke type, affected side, severity of paresis, unaffected side function, and cognitive function. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve in the training cohort were 0.81, 0.80, and 0.88, respectively. Corresponding values in the validation cohort were 0.82, 0.70, and 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A model combining age, days from onset to admission, stroke type, affected side, severity of paresis, unaffected side muscle strength, and cognitive function effectively predicted gait independence at discharge in individuals with very severe gait disorder due to subacute hemiparetic stroke.

ABSTRACT Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy showed immediate spasticity reduction and sustained range of motion improvement in a patient with subacute stroke. However, twice‐weekly sessions were insufficient for lasting spasticity control, suggesting that more frequent treatments may be required. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols.