akamatsu hirohiko

Previous studies have demonstrated that the numbers of interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFE-SCs) and dermal stem cells (DSCs) decrease with age and that this decrease is attributed to the age-related deterioration of skin homeostatic functions and the delay in wound healing. Meanwhile, functional decline in the stem cells is also considered to be responsible for the deteriorated skin homeostatic functions and the delayed wound healing associated with aging. In the present study, we focused on epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF/EGFR) signaling and fibroblast growth factor-2/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF2/FGFR) signaling to analyze the age-related changes. Immunohistological analysis revealed that the expressions of EGFR and FGFR1 declined in IFE-SCs and DSCs with age, respectively. Additionally, IFE-SCs and DSCs isolated from the skin samples of elderly subjects exhibited lowered responsiveness to EGF and FGF2, respectively. These results suggest that the lowered responsiveness of the skin stem cells to growth factors may be a factor involved in the age-related deterioration of skin regenerative functions during wound healing and skin homeostatic functions. We hope that homeostatic and wound healing functions in the skin could be maintained if the decreased expressions of EGFR and FGFR1 in IFE-SCs and DSCs, respectively, can be suppressed.

BACKGROUND: Age-related thinning and reduced cell proliferation in the human epidermis are associated with the accumulation of senescent cells and decreases in the number and function of epidermal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the expression of INHBA/Activin-A in human epidermis and expression differences with age, and the effect of Activin-A on epidermal stem/progenitor cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze age-related changes in the expression of INHBA/Activin-A in the epidermal tissue of young and old subjects. Epidermal INHBA/Activin-A expression levels, epidermal morphology, and the number of epidermal stem/progenitor cells or proliferating cells were investigated using older abdominal skin samples. The effects of Activin-A on the development of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed epidermis and cell proliferation were also assessed. RESULTS: INHBA/Activin-A expression levels in the human epidermis increased with age, although they varied among individuals. In the epidermis of older abdominal skin samples, INHBA/Activin-A expression levels negatively correlated with epidermal thickness, the rete ridge depth and the interdigitation index. The proportion of epidermal stem/progenitor cells and proliferating cells decreased with increases in INHBA/Activin-A expression levels. Activin-A had no effect on the differentiation of keratinocytes in the 3D-reconstructed epidermis; however, thinning of the 3D epidermis was noted. Moreover, the addition of Activin-A inhibited the proliferation of epidermal stem/progenitor cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Age-related increased in INHBA/Activin-A expression levels were observed in the human epidermis, and may contribute to epidermal thinning and decreases in the number of epidermal stem/progenitor cells and proliferative activity.