鍋島 俊隆

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Standard therapy is surgical resection, where possible, and radiotherapy. Since adjuvant chemotherapy only provides a modest survival benefit, new therapies are necessary. Recently developed agents, such as temozolomide (TMZ), irinotecan, and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), have demonstrated efficacy against malignant gliomas. A novel oral alkylating agent, TMZ shows good penetration in the central nervous system, and it has largely replaced nitrosoureas in the treatment of ...

Hospital pharmacists' expectations of the medical representatives (MRs) of pharmaceutical companies have been increasing as their work has become more sophisticated and diversified in recent years. Since only a limited amount of information on the expectations of MRs is available, we conducted a questionnaire survey of hospital pharmacists. The questionnaire was sent to 42 national university hospitals, and 104 pharmacists from 22 hospitals responded. According to the results, much used drug information provided by MRs included safety information (78.8%), instruction on use (73.1%), and tha...

Nausea and vomiting are two of the most unpleasant adverse effects associated with the use of antineoplastic agents and many patients regard them as the most stressful aspect of their disease, more stressful than even than the prospect of dying. Cisplatin, one such agent, is well known for having an emetic potential of almost 100% when administered to patients without emesis prophylaxis. The nausea it causes is the delayed-type and is hard to suppress completely with 5-HT_3 antagonists. Dexamethasone (DEX) is often an effective antiemetic for cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting, either by...

Cancer pain has a number of physical and psychological components. It is usually defined as a subjective phenomenon since only the sufferer experiences it and because of this, cancer pain is difficult to evaluate. Many cancer patients suffer from their pain, and an important part of relieving it is determining the intensity and characteristics of such pain through pain assessment. We considered that the words chosen by patients to describe their pain were useful for its assessment and had potential value as a diagnostic adjunct. We evaluated methods of pain assessment for cancer patients wi...

Pain assessment is important in treating the pain of cancer patients and choosing adequate analgesics for this purpose. Though pain is defined as a subjective phenomenon, it is necessary to evaluate the words chosen by cancer patients to describe their pain objectively. In our previous study (part 1), We developed the Aichi Prefectural Society of Hospital Pharmacists Pain Questionnaire (APQ) based on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), a tool for measuring pain based on words used to describe pain. In order to evaluate pain in thirty-one cancer patients in ten hospitals using the APQ, we i...

We investigated the usefulness and effectiveness of iontophoresis (IP) for the delivery of lidocaine in local anesthesia during shunt puncture for patients undergoing dialysis since IP has not previously been used for this purpose. Initially, we determined the optimal dosing time and concentration of lidocaine in 14 healthy adults by the pin prick method, finding that the administration of a 1% lidocaine solution by IP for 15min induced significant local anesthesia and the anesthetic effect was comparable to that achieved by Lidocaine tape (Penles^[○!R]) for 120min. These two methods of adm...

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In recent decades, problem-based learning (PBL) programs have been applied as a learning technique for medical undergraduate students because they can provide a highly motivational environment for acquisition of knowledge. PBL uses small-group discussions, independent learning and working together to solve patients' medical problems. In this study, we reviewed a PBL program in the US to assess its relevance to pharmaceutical education in Japan. Challenges related to its introduction in Japan, such as implementation, evaluation and educational effectiveness, are discussed in detail. We studi...