鍋島 俊隆

組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子／プラスミンシステムがドパミン遊離を制御することにより、モルヒネの報酬効果に関与していることを見出した。

In order to carry out effective warfarin treatment and to avoid unnecessary adverse reactions, patients need to recognize the importance of drug compliance, food-drug interaction, drug-drug interaction, and matters that require attention in daily life. We therefore have conducted a "Warfarin Classroom" since April 2000 to provide proper information about warfarin to outpatients. We evaluated how did "Warfarin Classroom" changed both the knowledge and recognition in these patients using a scoring system. The number of subjects participating in this study was 136 (110 males, 26 females, avera...

Nociceptin (also called orphanin FQ) is an endogenous heptadecapeptide that activates the opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor. Nociceptin system not only affects the nociception and locomotor activity, but also regulates learning and memory in rodents. We have previously reported that long-term potentiation and memory of ORL1 receptor knockout mice are enhanced compared with those in wild-type mice. Here, we show the neuronal mechanism of nociceptin-induced modulation of learning and memory. Retention of fear-conditioned contextual memory was significantly enhanced in the ORL1 receptor knockout mice without any changes in cued conditioned freezing. Inversely, in the wild-type mice retention of contextual, but not cued, conditioning freezing behavior was suppressed by exogenous nociceptin when it was administered into the cerebroventricle immediately after the training. ORL1 receptor knockout mice exhibited a hyperfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, as evidenced by an increase in [3H]MK-801 binding, NMDA-evoked 45Ca2+ uptake and activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity and its phosphorylation as compared with those in wild-type mice. The NMDA-induced CaMKII activation in the hippocampal slices of wild-type mice was significantly inhibited by exogenous nociceptin via a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. However, the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor GluR1 subunit at Ser831 and Ser845, and NMDA receptor subunit NR2B at Thr286 were phosphorylated similarly after NMDA receptor stimulation in both type of mice. The expressions of GluR1 and GluR2 also did not change, but the levels of polysialylated form of neuronal cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) were reduced in the ORL1 receptor knockout as compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that nociceptin system negatively modulates learning and memory through the regulation of NMDA receptor function and the expression of N-CAM.

Doses of tacrolimus less than the standard dose (0.5mg) have often been prescribed for pediatric transplant patients. When preparing 0.1mg tacrolimus in a package, 13mg (contain 0.1mg tacrolimus) was used with a 0.5mg Prograf【○!R capsule (the total amount of 65mg), and then it was packaged by hand. However, it is difficult to prepare such drugs for many transplant patients, since this method is very complicated. Therefore, we examined how to prepare low dose packages of tacrolimus package easily and correctly without making any packaging errors. To reduce any preparation errors, the bulk of...

In general, medical staff members do their utmost to select appropriate medicines for each patient whenever possible. When choosing medicines, pharmacists have to provide medical staff members and patients with high quality information. However, it is often difficult to select the optimal medicine for patients. When physicians in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and chief physicians select medication, how do they obtain mutual consent, and what kind of drugs are readily provided by mutual agreement? We tried to investigate this point using a questionnaire against given to both physicians and chief...