Toshiro Arai

Introduction The prevalence of age-related diseases, including obesity (a lipid metabolism disorder), increases with the increase in a dog’s lifespan. Most of age-related diseases are associated with oxidative stress by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from impaired mitochondrial functions. Safe and effective supplements with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities are required to prevent obesity and associated complications. Shiitake mushroom exhibit various functions including antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of shiitake powder supplementation in healthy dogs. Methods Shiitake powder was supplemented at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks. The dose was set as 0.60–0.65 mg/kg/day of eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic factor. Results The body weight and body condition score of the dogs did not change after shiitake supplementation. In contrast, plasma total cholesterol concentrations decreased and superoxide dismutase activity and leukocyte sirtuin1 mRNA expression increased significantly in the dogs that received the supplement. Discussion Oral administration of shiitake powder increased antioxidative activity. The supplement may be useful in ameliorating the signs of age-related diseases, including obesity, in dogs.

In older horses, basal metabolic rate decreases, and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations related to energy metabolism change. The occurrence of age-related diseases, which increases in old animals, may enhance inflammatory reactivity (inflammaging). Finding the appropriate treatment for inflammaging at an early stage may prevent various age-related diseases. Changes in metabolite and hormone concentrations and enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism in the plasma of clinically healthy riding horses of various ages were measured to identify biomarkers of inflammaging (persistent low-grade inflammation that occurs with aging). All horses were clinically healthy, and their body condition scores (BCSs) were 4 or 5 (9-point scale). Plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-Cho), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin concentrations, malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations generally increased with age. Adiponectin concentrations, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), and leukocyte AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities decreased, while plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) remained unchanged as horses aged. Although riding horses that partake in continuous exercise seems to be less likely to develop inflammaging, horses over 17 years of age tend to show proinflammatory signs with disordered lipid metabolism. In riding horses, SAA, in combination with other markers, may be a useful biomarker for inflammaging and dysregulated lipid metabolism in aging horses.