Yuichi Miyagawa

<b>Objective</b>—The circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in aged dogs are important considerations in the prescription of cardiovascular agents, especially antihypertensives. However, currently there are limited data in the literature concerning this topic. Therefore, this study determined the circadian rhythms of BP, HR and HRV in aged dogs and compared the data to those of young dogs.<br><b>Procedure</b>—Healthy female beagles were assigned to the “aged group” (10-11 y; <i>n</i>=5) or “young group” (1-3 y; <i>n</i>=6). The systolic BP (SBP), Diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP) and HR were continuously recorded in non-anesthetized and unrestrained dogs over seven days using a telemetry system. The high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) data of HR variability (HRV) were also determined.<br><b>Results</b>—In the aged group, the circadian rhythms of SBP, DBP, HR and LF/HF were bimodal, while HF was unimodal. In the young group, the circadian rhythms of HR and LF/HF were bimodal and SBP, DBP and HF were unimodal. The amplitudes of the circadian rhythms of PP were small in both groups. A unique finding in the aged group was that the average value of SBP rose (<i>p</i>=0.0002) and that of DBP fell (<i>p</i><0.0001), resulting in a significant increase in the value of PP (<i>p</i><0.0001). There were no significant differences in the average values of HR and HF in the groups. The average values of LF/HF were significantly higher in the young group (<i>p</i><0.0001).<br><b>Conclusion</b>—The findings of this study suggest that the circadian rhythms of cardiac parameters in aged dogs are different from those of young dogs. Aged dogs' variations may be more easily affected by environmental stimulations such as feeding. Additionally, in aged dogs, PP increased significantly. The observed rise in SBP and fall in DBP in the aged dogs is similar to the changes observed in humans.

約1カ月前からの運動不耐性に加え、1週間前からの断続的な発咳を主訴にフェレット（去勢雄、5歳、体重1.25kg）が日本獣医生命科学大学付属動物医療センターに来院した。身体検査では、頻脈および不整脈が聴取された。心電図検査では心室副収縮が記録された。胸部X線検査では、心陰影の拡大は軽度であったが、Mモード心エコー法により、拡張期左室内径の拡大および左室短径短縮率の低下がみられた。テモカプリルおよびアテノロールの経口投与を開始したが、第192病日に突然死した。

five-year-old castrated male ferret weighing 1.25 kg was presented to the Animal Medical Center of the Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University with a one-month history of exercise intolerance and one week ofintermittent coughing. A physical examination revealed that tachycardia and arrhythmia were ausclutated.Electrocardiography revealed ventricular parasystole. Although mild cardiac enlargement was observed bythoracic radiography, a reduced diastolic internal diameter of the left ventricle and fractional shortening wereconfirmed by echocardiography. Oral temocapril and atenolol were initiated, however the ferret died suddenlyafter 192 hospital days.

当初,肝硬変と診断・管理されていたヨークシャー・テリア(去勢雄,8歳)がその後に腎機能不全,さらに糖尿病を併発した。これらの疾患ではいずれも方針の異なる食事療法が推奨されている.現在,本症例は薬剤による腎保護療法およびインスリン療法,そして,それぞれの疾患に適した食事療法を実施することで,良好に管理できたと判断された。

Preemptive analgesia is recommended in small animal medicine. However, many studies have evaluated the response to analgesic treatment by behavioral observation. Therefore, the influence of preemptive analgesia with meloxicarn on postoperative Cardiovascular and renal parameters remains to be clarified. The present study examined the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, double product and heart rate variability for 14 days and the changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum cortisol level for 24 hr after resection of the unilateral mammary gland in meloxicam and control groups consisting of 5 healthy dogs. All data were collected under unanesthetized and unrestrained conditions using a radio telemetry system. Blood pressure, heart rate and double product were significantly lower in the meloxicarn compared with the control group, and the meloxicarn group's diurnal changes became stable more than 36 hr earlier than those of the control group. The systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values of the meloxicam group were 5- to 20-mm Hg lower than those of the control group until 5 days after surgery. The maximum difference between the two groups in terms of the double product values 14 days after surgery was 2,000 bpm x mmHg. Autonomic activity inhibition was prolonged in the control group. There were no significant differences in the 24-hr changes in GFR or serum cortisol level. This study showed that perioperative administration of meloxicam reduced unfavorable postoperative changes in the cardiovascular system without influencing renal function. KEY WORDS: canine, cardiovascular parameters, meloxicam, preemptive analgesia, telemetry system.

Preemptive analgesia is recommended in small animal medicine. However, many studies have evaluated the response to analgesic treatment by behavioral observation. Therefore, the influence of preemptive analgesia with meloxicarn on postoperative Cardiovascular and renal parameters remains to be clarified. The present study examined the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, double product and heart rate variability for 14 days and the changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum cortisol level for 24 hr after resection of the unilateral mammary gland in meloxicam and control groups consisting of 5 healthy dogs. All data were collected under unanesthetized and unrestrained conditions using a radio telemetry system. Blood pressure, heart rate and double product were significantly lower in the meloxicarn compared with the control group, and the meloxicarn group's diurnal changes became stable more than 36 hr earlier than those of the control group. The systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values of the meloxicam group were 5- to 20-mm Hg lower than those of the control group until 5 days after surgery. The maximum difference between the two groups in terms of the double product values 14 days after surgery was 2,000 bpm x mmHg. Autonomic activity inhibition was prolonged in the control group. There were no significant differences in the 24-hr changes in GFR or serum cortisol level. This study showed that perioperative administration of meloxicam reduced unfavorable postoperative changes in the cardiovascular system without influencing renal function. KEY WORDS: canine, cardiovascular parameters, meloxicam, preemptive analgesia, telemetry system.

イヌおよびネコの慢性腎疾患において,食餌療法が病態の進行を抑制できるかどうかを調査した。血漿イオヘキソール・クリアランスにより測定した糸球体濾過率(GFR)を腎疾患の病態の指標とした。その結果,調査した全例(ネコ1頭,イヌ3頭)で食餌療法によってGFRの低下が長期間抑制されていた。