森田 慎一郎

An Internet-based survey was administered in Japan to compare mental health of and stigma toward unemployed individuals, workers with regular employment, and workers with irregular employment. Unemployed individuals showed higher scores for both anxiety/depression and disturbance of activities, as well as faced more stigma than did employed individuals. In addition, the factor structure of stigma that unemployed individuals have toward the unemployed was the same as that previously found for university students and employed individuals. Financial strain and stigma were the factors with the greatest influence on the mental health of unemployed individuals.

Preferences for different types of occupation among freshmen and sophomores of liberal arts courseswere investigated. In Study 1, a scale was constructed to measure preferences for different types ofoccupations and the degree of each preference. Data collected from 327 Japanese students were analyzed.A scale was constructed consisting of five subscales to measure preferences for occupations characterizedby learning and the development of knowledge and skills, autonomy, cooperation with coworkers,altruism, and qualifications. Scores on these subscales revealed high preferences for altruism and lowpreferences for autonomy.Study 2 compared preferences among students divided into three samples by the level of difficulty ofentering their university and the nationality of their university. Data were collected from 196 Japanesestudents from universities with low entrance difficulty, 105 Japanese students from a university with highentrance difficulty, and 112 Chinese students from a university with high entrance difficulty. Not only thenationality of the university but also difficulty of entering could have a relationship with preference forvarious types of occupations, and preferences for occupations characterized by altruism and byqualifications could adequately discriminate between the three samples.

日本では,今後,「専門性」を有する職業への就職を希望する学生の割合の増加が見込まれる。このような状況をふまえ,研究1では,学生における職業への志向を,「専門性」を特徴づける諸概念に基づき測定する尺度の作成を試みた。まず,社会学のプロフェッション研究の知見に基づき,「専門性」を特徴づける5つの概念(「利他主義」「自律性」「知識・技術の習得と発展」「資格等による権威づけ」「仕事仲間との連携」)を想定した。次に,大学2年生207名を対象とした質問紙調査を行い,因子分析の結果,5つの概念それぞれへの志向を測定する「職業専門性志向尺度」が完成した。研究2では,医師を志望する学生に焦点をあて,「職業専門性志向」のなかで,彼らの「職業決定」に影響を与えるものの探索を行った。先行研究の知見から,「人間関係」と関連の強い志向が影響を与えることが予想された。医学部進学予定の大学2年生96名を対象とした質問紙調査を行い,重回帰分析の結果,「人間関係」と関連の強い「仕事仲間との連携志向」のみならず,「人間関係」と関連の弱い「知識・技術の習得と発展志向」も「職業決定」に影響を与えることが示された。