阿保 政義

<p>ソフトコンタクトレンズ（SCL）は軟質材料であるので，眼の装用時に角膜に沿って形状が変化する。本研究では，SCLの光学領域，中間領域，ベベル領域の形状が異なる3種類のSCLの装用における形状変化について評価した。はじめに，有限要素法により装用時のSCLの形状変化を解析した。次に，この形状変化がSCLの度数に及ぼす影響を光線追跡によって求めた。得られた主な知見は，1）SCLの形状は，装用によって度数の製造単位である0.25D以上に変化する。2）中間領域の僅かな隙間に涙液を保持するSCL形状では，光学領域が上方向に変位して度数変化が小さい。3）ベベル領域ではB.C.側に引張応力，F.C.側に圧縮応力が作用して曲げ変形が起きる。</p>

Recently, a study to evaluate the optical properties of wearing CL has begun to improve the quality of vision. The soft contact lens (SCL) consists of an optics region, intermediate region and bevel, which improves the wearing feeling mainly. Because soft contact lens is composed of a soft material, it is deformed along the cornea when it is worn on the eye. In the present report, the shape of the commercial SCL is measured firstly by the light-section method. Then, the shape change of wearing SCL is calculated using a finite element method. At the end, influence on the lens diopter of the shape change of the SCL was investigated by CODE V. As a result, the focal length shortened by a shape change of SCL, and in the case of a lens of -6 Diopter, the lens changed than the diopter unit (0.25D) of production.

Recently, a study to evaluate the optical properties of wearing contact lens has begun to improve the quality of vision (QOV). Because soft contact lens (SCL) is composed of a soft material, it deforms along the cornea when it is worn on the eye. Therefore, it is necessary for the study of QOV to develop a method to measure SCL shape of the soft material. In this study, the shape of SCL in a saline was measured by laser slit light. As a result, the measurements became almost same as value of standard of SCL. Front curve and shape of the bevel region which are non-publication were also measured.

ソフトコンタクトレンズ（SCL）は光学領域、中間領域および装用感等を担うベベル部から構成されが、軟質材料のSCLを装用すると、眼球に沿って形状が変化して矯正度数に影響を及ぼす。報告では未公開データが多いSCLの形状を測定し、CAD・FEM解析によるSCLの形状変化、およびCODEVによる度数への影響について考察した。

This study aimed to minimize the external hip adduction and flexion torques by gait modifications. Since internal hip joint forces cannot be measured directly, the external torques at the hip were used to predict the internal joint forces. Despite the need for early treatment of the hip osteoarthritis, few clinical or physiological interventions slow the progression of the hip osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, a commercially available three-dimensional musculoskeletal computer model and a normal gait data including kinematics and ground reaction forces were used. We used an inverse dynamics approach to calculate the hip adduction and flexion moment during gait. And a dynamic optimization approach was used to reduce these torques during gait by changing kinematics variables from the normal gait pattern. We got an acceptable gait of modification that reduces peak adduction moment during gait compared to the normal gait.

The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related changes in the passive resisting moments at the hip. The changes in the passive resisting moments were hypothesized to occur due to age-related changes in muscle stiffness. Two groups of healthy men participated in this study: young men (approximately 24 years of age) and old men (approximately 68 years of age). Subjects were positioned in a left lateral decubitus position with their left limb supported on a table. With a subject relaxed, an experimenter slowly moved the subject's limb by pulling or pushing the handle attached to the lower limb via a load cell. The subject's hip was moved in passive range of flexion-extension motions. The joint kinematics, measured by a motion capture system, and load cell readings were used to compute the passive resisting moments-joint angle curves at the hip. The passive resisting moments at the hip were found to considerably depend on the adjacent knee angle. The maximal resisting moments, when the hip was extended, were larger for the older group than for the younger group. The measured resisting moments were finally validated against the resisting moments calculated by a musculoskeletal computer model for the same movements. The computer model was able to predict measured tendencies of the moments at the hip. However, further adjustments of the computer model are required to represent the aging effects precisely. © 2014 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.

When the relationship between the dimensions of face form and those of spectacle frames is poor, it may cause problems such as slipping frames and sore areas on the nose and behind the ears. This paper reports the results of mechanically modeling the contact conditions in the vicinity of the nose. We created a CAD model of a human head by considering the skin thickness distribution. We then performed finite element method (FEM) analysis about the contact region between the pad and the skin. As a result, the nose pad is pressed down in the nose while slanting toward the lower part of the nose gently. Furthermore, the pad is fixed by a slight upsurge by the reaction of the imposition of the skin.

Adhesive wear under vibratory loads was investigated using a pin-on-disk apparatus. Wear tests were conducted with brass and aluminum pins sliding against a stainless steel disk without a lubricant. Vibratory load with frequency ranging from 10-100 Hz was applied to the contact point together with static load. On brass, the specific wear amount did not change by vibration, and on aluminum, the vibration provided wear reduction of about 5%. Such a change in wear amount was found to be determined from the dependence of wear rate on static applied load. © 2005 by Allerton Press, Inc.

In a pin-on-disk tribosystem with a silicon nitride ball-ended pin and flat disk pair, when the pin cannot contact with the disk surface at exact right angle, caused by a misalignment between rotating disk axis and pin axis, some bouncing vibration of the ball often takes place during sliding, as shown in Part 1 of this paper. The occurrence of bouncing vibration was computer simulated with the range of a pin-disk contact angle between 900 ± 1°. The ball motion in the simulation model for the tribosystem is defined as one degree of freedom per independent mode of motion in the normal and tangential directions. To prevent the possibility of bouncing vibration, the following means are effective: decreasing misalignment between the axes and moment of inertia and stiffness of pin support system and increasing the damping coefficient of the pin support system and decreasing the coefficient of restitution of the ball against the disk. Bouncing vibration behavior also depended on the kinetic friction variation with siding velocity. © 2004 by Allerton Press, Inc.

In a pin-on-disk tribosystem with a silicon nitride ball-ended pin and flat disk pair, when the pin cannot contact with the disk surface at exact right angle, caused by a misalignment between rotating disk axis and pin axis, some bouncing vibration of the ball often takes place during sliding, as shown in Part 1 of this paper. The occurrence of bouncing vibration was computer simulated with the range of a pin-disk contact angle between 900 ± 1°. The ball motion in the simulation model for the tribosystem is defined as one degree of freedom per independent mode of motion in the normal and tangential directions. To prevent the possibility of bouncing vibration, the following means are effective: decreasing misalignment between the axes and moment of inertia and stiffness of pin support system and increasing the damping coefficient of the pin support system and decreasing the coefficient of restitution of the ball against the disk. Bouncing vibration behavior also depended on the kinetic friction variation with siding velocity. © 2004 by Allerton Press, Inc.