浦川 豪

The Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 shook the Chuetsu region of Niigata prefecture on October 23rd, 2004. In order to quickly grasp the overall situation of damages, various governmental organizations conducted structural damage assessments by utlilizing a great number of personnels soon after the earthquake occurred. Our research team supported this damage assessment by developing a proto-type of GIS application with mobile device at Odiya city . Though this experience, we were able to develop a versatile GIS application for field data entry called "Authoring System," and build a field survey support system (POS), which involves a comprehenvive information processing for post-disaster field survey.

Incident Command System (ICS) has been proved to be effective as the de facto global standard for crisis management in advanced countries. Japan is an only exception. In this paper, we investigated how Emergency Operation Center (EOC) of Ojiya City processed the information at the time of the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake Disaster for the first 100 days since October 23, the very first day, to Feburary 1. During this period, Ojiya City EOC has processed a total of 3,000 information. A content analysis for this information was performed focusing on theme, time, and geo-location to create a database on which we evaluated the information processes adopted at Ojiya city EOC by applying the information processing procedure proposed by ICS. We found that the main function of Ojiya City EOC was quite consistent with ICS, planning and logistics management.

The purpose of this research is to develop a Damage Certificate Issuing Support System for maximizing the efficiency of the services cities must provide to citizens in response to a disaster. The system development work we did to support Ojiya City in the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake was used as a case study to conduct this research. The objective was to build a GIS/database system to improve the efficiency of the city's services and to reduce the burden of the city workers, while providing satisfactory services to disaster victims. Additionally, the research aimed at building a centralized victims' database that can be used and developed throughout the city in the long run to support various relief activities.

We focused on a method for constructing the reality of individual disaster experience based on the information available in different resource types such as text data from interviews, photographs, events records, and narratives. At first, we interviewed one victim to clear the character of experiences. It was shown that his talk always referred some multimedia resources, such as document, image, event etc, and that there were relationships between each of the resources. Next, we inputted them to Cross-Media Database and revealed resources1 network by their relationships as a new multimedia disaster ethnography method. In the end, an application of participatory Web based system was shown for systematic understanding of disaster processes using resources from individual disaster experiences.

Cross Media Database(XMDB) is a research support information infrastructure(RSH) developed for researchers who belong to various fields related to disaster reduction. The ultimate purpose of system is to catalog, locate, and retrieve a wide range of research-support information mat is involved in one of 12 different types. XMDB also provides detailed information about resources by storing metadata and digital files. The metadata formats used in XMDB conform to various international standards allowing information to be shared in metadata cataloging system. This will provide a level of integration and interoperability of various research-related information, and will allow for the growth of the system over time to support multi-disciplinary professionals and other stakeholders.

This paper aims at suggesting strategy for supporting various activities, which are rescue, fire fighting, and transportation of relief commodities and others after earthquake occurs by utilizing road network model. These activities must be considered time pass from emergency .response to recovery after earthquake occurs. It means that the road network model for supporting these activities must consider the physical changes from the damage to the restoration. Firstly, we researched the case of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake regarding to physical damage and restoration of road. Secondly, we built road network model by using node expansion model and examined the way of description considered physical and chorological changes of road after earthquake occurs. In order to reflect some changes of road, we assigned the priority cost to nodes. Finally, we developed prototype to search shortest path by using priority node cost and Dijkstra in city of Yokohama.

The purpose of tills study is to develop a method for estimating the quantity of buildings with different seismic vulnerability according to GESI method in developing countries. At first we selected a learning area with the 25m gridded DCONOS imagery data of Marikina City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Based on the cluster analysis for the distribution patterns of DNs available in me learning area, we proposed a method to categorize the grids into 7 different land cover pattern. Then we developed a procedure of field investigation using digital video camera with GPS to identify die quantity of buildings with different seismic vulnerability. Finally, we estimated the quantity of buildings with different seismic vulnerability at the entire Marikina City area.

We are exposed to various kinds of Multi-hazards due to natural disasters, terrorist attacks and epidemic's outbreak. In any of these crises, national and local governments have to implement emergency response and management effectively. Since Hanshin Awaji Create Earthquake, GIS was recognized as powerful tool for disaster reduction and many GIS systems have been introduced by local governments. These systems are tools for estimating damage, and GIS is not still used well post-event consequence for management In this paper, we introduced as a Combat GIS comprehensive emergency management system based on GIS. CombatGIS makes use of Enterprise GIS as information infrastructure for local government This paper shows a stragegy to implement Combat GIS.

In this paper, we introduce "Digital Nishinomiya Recovery" Project, which is a Web-GIS based attempt to create a systematic understanding of disaster response and recovery processes after the 1995 Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Disaster. As an extension of the study to accumulate a variety of data in relation to disaster as natural phenomena by EDM, we proposed a mechanism to solicit the contribution by those who have the data relevant to social response and recovery in Nishinomiya City in Hyogo Prefecture will be accumulated through internet by those who are interested in GK based Disaster Ethnography in Nishinomiya.

Two methods and a system for the measure against slope failure disaster using GIS are proposed in this paper. 1) Method of extracting cliff and potential area, suffered from slope failure, by DEM and Landuse data. 2) Method of extracting potential slope failure area by rainfall data, and a system of conveying this information to local residents. These methods can be applied to many places where these data are available. Moreover, dangerous cliffs and the areas are extracted at the same time even in wide city area. These methods will allow us to extract dangerous cliff and area without fieldwork, and this information will help local residents with proper actions. Minami ward, Yokohama city, was selected as a study area.

This study aims at evaluating factors related to potential reductive capacity of damage in a city or a group of cities by macro-view all over Japan. Potential reductive capacity of damage is classified conscious against earthquake and community. Conscious against earthquake leads to action which is preparation of emergency supplies and fixing the furniture so on and community leads to rescue activity between residents. We are thinking that these two items can reduce damage by the earthquake and are also different all over Japan. As a result, we could clarified the regional characteristics all over Japan by two items and the index evaluated by two items is very important and leads to national measure and micro measure in each city by comparing to another cities.

This study aims at the development of the method of the "Regional Characteristic Evaluation", using the CIS. it will make the first action after an earthquake disaster attacked quickly. First of all, we selected the three wards (Asahi ward, Naka ward, Tsurumi ward) in Yokohama City as the study areas, and extracted the elements that will make disasters escalated in the wards. Next, classified the elements into the two types (Typel and Type2). Typel is the data handled as the mesh data, and Type2 is the data handled as the reality data. We analyzed Typel, using the factor analysis. And then, we evaluated disaster dangerousness in each area from the results and Type2.

This is one of the studies about Macro-zonation of potential seismic risk in urban cities. It is also an inspection of the accessibility and supportability, or the evaluation of potential survival with aid from circumstances in urban cities, in the particular 24 cities. There are two ways, sea traffic and land traffic. That depends on the quantity of getting aid and the needs, that derived from the preceding process. Furthermore, it inspects support potential and reliability in each way. It is about the Japanese national and the city measure, making use of the various traits of each city.