石井 美由紀

This literature review explored the factors promoting interprofessional collaborative practice for the child maltreatment prevention in Japan. We searched the Japanese database of ICHUSHI-web, focusing on studies published between 1990 and 2015. The studies were examined for methodological quality using the critical appraisal checklists. We initially identified 161 articles and finally selected eight studies that met the selection criteria and were analyzed. The Collaborative Practice Circle based on the Interprofessional Education for Collaborative Patient-Centered Practice framework, was used as a conceptual framework to analyze the data and to discuss the review findings. Data analysis continued until categories were saturated using content analysis. Five categories as interactional factors, two categories as organizational factors and three categories as systemic factors were identified. The findings revealed that interactional factors were composed of practical competencies and experiences of professionals. Our findings also indicate that educational programs for improving practical competencies of professionals at the individual level and establishing a system of training and human resource development at the organizational level are required. Further research is warranted to examine the impact the challenges outlined in the interactional factors, the organizational interventions and support for clients.

Purpose: This study attempts to clarify the actual situation of public health nurses'(PHNs') initial risk assessment of child abuse.Methods: We conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey by mail. 578 participants who had worked as PHNs for more than three years were randomly recruited from across Japan for this study. All participants were divided into three groups,"prefecture group (n = 334)", "government-decreed city group (n = 184)", and "municipality group (n = 47)". The data were analyzed statistically using the chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple comparison of Tuckey b.Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the demographic characteristics of three groups and the use of the scale at the time of the initial risk assessment of child abuse. There was also a statistically significant association with the number of support cases of child abuse per PHN and the use of the scale at the time of the initial risk assessment.Discussion: These findings indicate the initial risk assessment scale is required for PHNs to support abused children appropriately.

We developed a scale for measuring the challenges faced by public health nurses in coordinating relationships for supporting preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, and examined the scale's construct validity using a factorial structure model. Participants were 708 Japanese public health nurses. The secondary structural model consisted of 6 factors with 25 items. Internal consistency and reliability were high and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that the fit criteria were statistically significant. Attributes of public health nurses were significantly related to scale scores. These findings validate the efficacy of our scale to identify and assess the challenges of public health nurses in relationship coordination.

本研究は、20代の女性看護師の喫煙に関連する要因を明らかにするため、神戸市内の3病院に勤務する20代の女性看護師322名(喫煙看護師65名、非喫煙看護師257名)を対象に、本人および周囲の喫煙状況、ニコチン依存、喫煙動機、人格特性、ストレス状態からなる自記式無記名式調査票を用いて調査し、喫煙看護師と非喫煙看護師の比較分析を行った。その結果、喫煙看護師は非喫煙看護師よりも外向性が強い傾向にあることや、友人や職場の喫煙状況に強く関連していることが明らかになった。また、喫煙看護師は陰性感情の除去、無意識的操作、快楽・習慣、知覚運動操作という喫煙動機を有していることも判明した。これらの結果から、今後は人格特性や喫煙動機を考慮した個別の禁煙支援とともに、友人や職場の同僚などの仲間からの影響を絶ち切るためにも職場全体での喫煙対策の必要性が示唆された。