有馬 昌宏

Recently, local governments have begun to outsource information provision to private web companies, so as to use their own local portal sites to disseminate governmental information alongside private sector information. However, this approach involves some issues that must be addressed. First, there has been no attempt to determine the public's views regarding requirements to be met by public information providers. Second, there has been no attempt to clarify how the public evaluates, in terms of business continuity and information reliability, the credibility of private companies to which such information provision is outsourced. The aim of this research is to examine these issues via resident survey analysis.

Questionnaire surveying has been one of the main means to surface the needs from local residents for local governments or communities and the survey results have been utilized to make concrete policies and measures in almost all local governments in Japan. However, there exists a question whether evaluation questions of satisfactory level and importance assessment on living environments of local community catch the real preference of local residents or not.<br> In this study, based on the questionnaire survey conducted in the town of Shingu, Hyogo prefecture in 2004, we suggest that questions which ask satisfaction and importance level for residents' living environment items by means of ordinal scale such as grading from poor through mediocre and good to excellent tend to overestimate various needs due to external effects of local public facilities and services such as option values, existence values, vicarious values and bequest values and thus we propose the introduction of quantification methods such as CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) to surface the local issues and make the local community management effective.<br> Of course there exist biases in stated WTP(Willingness to Pay), we conclude that the biases derived from evaluation questions using ordinal scale are much greater than biases observed in WTP evaluated by using CVM. As a further extension of this study, we also suggest an introduction of other appropriate evaluation methods such as AHP and conjoint analysis.<br><br>JFL Classification: C24, H43, R22, R59

In the face of population decline, most of local governments are now suffering from tight problem of how to revitalize local communities and local economies. In the process of economic development since the end of World War II, population migration from rural area to urban area and concentration of population to Tokyo metropolitan area have created biased population distribution and emerging ubiquitous network society and potential power of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are expected to be the magic wand for solving problems associated with this distorted society. However we should ask if there are good grounds for believing that ICT can be the savior for regional and/or local revitalization. In this paper, we first define the concept of regional revitalization, consider the measures for regional revitalization from a socio-economic perspective and then finally examine if ICT can contribute to regional revitalization or not.

住民参加のまちづくりを推進する自治体では,PDSのマネジメントサイクルの各段階に住民をいかに参画させていくかが課題となっている.計画と評価の段階への住民参加の方法として,重要度と満足度を順序尺度で評価する住民意識調査が活用されることが多いが,この方法では重要度を過大評価して地域が抱える課題や施策の優先順位設定を誤まるという過ち,換言すれば「間違った問題を正しく解く」という「第3種の過誤」を犯す危険が高くなる.地域のマネジメントにおいていかに「第3種の過誤」を回避するかについて,AHPやコンジョイント分析などの手法とGISの適用可能性も考えながら検証する.