中村 小百合

<p>Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) using team-based learning (TBL).</p><p>Methods: We analyzed the results of a scale to measure IPE among 449 fourth-year students from seven faculties of a health university in Japan. The students took the Assembly Special Lesson as part of IPE using TBL. Before and after the lesson, the participants completed a questionnaire, which consisted of the IPE Tsukuba Model, to which we added two items. The scale was divided into five domains. We compared the scores using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p>Results: The overall scores of four of the five domains of the IPE evaluation were significantly higher after the lesson than before (P<0.05): "Understanding the role of each profession's specialization" ; "Regarding participation in group work" ; "Thoughts regarding the team in healthcare and welfare" ; and "Feelings about cooperation among different professions." </p><p>Conclusions: It was evident that the lesson enhanced the students' understanding of the role of other professionals, enabled them to participate in group work, and allowed them to understand the responsibilities of each profession within a team, thereby leading to greater cooperation and better health care. This TBL for IPE was found to be effective by producing valuable changes in perceptions and attitudes toward professional cooperation among students.</p>

<p>Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in health university students' attitudes toward community service before and after a community-oriented education program using team-based learning (TBL). </p><p>Methods: A community-oriented educational program using TBL was carried out with a total of 529 3rd- and 4th-year students in seven faculties of two departments at Fujita Health University, and a questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the program. There were eight questions on students' attitude toward community service.</p><p>Results: Responses with no missing information from 431 students were used in the analysis. There were significant increases in the number of positive responses to three questions after TBL. The item "I think there are things that university students can do as members of the community" increased from 81.9% before TBL to 86.5% after, "I can form specific images of activities that benefit the community" increased from 46.0% before to 70.3% after, and "In the future I want to participate in activities that benefit the community" increased from 74.7% before to 80.3% after.</p><p>Conclusion: The results suggest that this community-oriented educational program using TBL raised the motivation of university students in medical and health science programs to practice community health care.</p>

Objectives: The association of blood pressure and levels of serum lipids, liver enzymes, blood glucose and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) with drinking habit was examined in Japanese men. Methods: The subjects were 264 men aged 39 to 80 years who were classified into the ALDH2 deficiency or sufficiency group using the ethanol patch test and the Tokyo University ALDH2 Phenotype Screening Test. A self-administered questionnaire including drinking habit was used. Blood pressure and the levels of biochemical markers in groups with ALDH2 sufficiency, ALDH2 deficiency and drinking habit were compared using multiple regression models for adjusting age, smoking habit, physical exercising habit and body mass index. Results: The levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) were significantly higher in current drinkers of 20 g of ethanol or more per day than in nondrinkers of the ALDH2 sufficiency group. The levels of serum AST and γ-GTP in current drinkers of 20 g of ethanol or more per day, and fasting blood sugar in current drinkers of less than 20 g of ethanol per day were significantly higher than those in nondrinkers of the ALDH2 deficiency group. Conclusions: These results suggest that alcohol consumption increases the levels of serum lipids and liver enzymes in ALDH2-sufficient individuals and liver enzymes and blood glucose levels in ALDH2-deficient individuals.

The present study investigated the relationship between hyperglycemia and both serum carotenoids and intake of vegetables and fruits. Subjects with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM group, n=133) or with hyperglycemia diagnosed using a 5.6% cutoff value for hemoglobin A1c (High HbA1c group, n=151) were recruited from among inhabitants of a rural area in Hokkaido, Japan. Intake frequencies of vegetables and fruits were assessed using a questionnaire administered by public health nurses. Serum levels of carotenoids and retinol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationships between high HbA1c or DM and both serum carotenoids and intake frequencies of vegetables and fruits were analyzed using logistic regression modeling for a case-control study each case (High HbA1c or DM) was matched to two controls (healthy subjects without any history of disease) matched for sex and age (within 3 years). The odds ratio (OR) for high HbA1c was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.85) on high intake frequency of carrot and pumpkin and the OR for DM was 1.21 (95% CI: 0.79-1.84). No significant relationships were observed between high HbA1c and intake frequencies of other vegetables and fruits. The ORs on high serum levels of α- and β-carotenes, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin and lutein were 0.38 (0.22-0.65), 0.35 (0.21-0.59), 0.57 (0.35-0.93), 0.35 (0.20-0.59), and 0.88 (0.54-1.46) for high HbA1c, respectively. In conclusion, intake of vegetables and fruits rich in carotenoids might be a protective factor against hyperglycemia.