koyama soichiro

Background/Objectives: Advanced age in Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to worse motor function, more severe symptoms, and impaired activities of daily living (ADLs). Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT)® BIG may be suitable for older patients, as it can be adapted to individual abilities. This study evaluated whether age affects the effectiveness of LSVT® BIG on gait speed, motor symptoms, ADLs, and quality of life (QoL) in PD. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, 22 patients with PD were divided into an older group (≥65 years; n = 16) and a younger group (<65 years; n = 6). All participants completed 16 one-hour, face-to-face LSVT® BIG sessions. Gait speed was assessed with the 10-m walk test; motor symptoms with Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III; ADLs with MDS-UPDRS Part II; and QoL with the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 Summary Index. Two-way mixed-design analysis of variance with aligned rank transformation was used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant improvements were observed for all outcomes (gait speed, motor symptoms, ADLs, and QoL) after the intervention. A significant effect of age group was found for gait speed, with younger patients walking faster overall. No significant interaction between timepoint and group was observed for any measure. Conclusions: LSVT® BIG appears to improve gait speed, motor symptoms, ADLs, and QoL in patients with PD, regardless of age, suggesting it is an effective intervention for both older and younger patients.

Purpose: To survey research on pressure dispersion on cardboard beds and to identify previous findings and issues. Methods: PubMed and Igaku Chuo Zasshi Web were used to search for literature published in English or Japanese by December 31, 2024. From each study, we extracted subjects, measurement devices, measurement sites, measurement conditions, and results. Results: A total of six studies were included. Subjects were healthy adults or alternative models. Measurement instruments, sites, and conditions differed among the studies. The cardboard bed was reported to have higher pressure in the sacral and whole-body regions and lower pressure dispersion than other bedding. Conclusion: Body pressure tends to be concentrated on a cardboard bed, and the use of pressure-relieving materials is recommended. Future studies are needed to standardize the measurement index and to target high-risk persons.

BACKGROUND: The use of diapers among older adults is increasing in aging societies. However, the optimal method of wearing them remains unknown. We aimed to explore procedural variations in leg-through motion during diaper wearing in older adults. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 19 facilities in Japan. Individuals aged 65-99 years in nursing homes/adult daycare facilities and able to maintain a sitting posture in a chair were recruited via convenience sampling between March 2024 and January 2025. Leg-through motion during diaper wearing was recorded with the participants seated in a chair. The motion patterns were visually classified according to predetermined criteria. The classification of the observed motion patterns was subjected to a simple descriptive analysis. The inter-rater agreement of the classifications between the two assessors was determined using Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Among 149 older adults (mean [standard deviation] age: 87.0 [7.2] years), the motions "keep the foot off the floor and use both hands" and "keep feet on the floor and use both hands" collectively accounted for 65.7% of the initial leg motions. For the subsequent leg, three motions-"keep the foot off the floor and use contralateral hand," "keep the foot off the floor and use ipsilateral hand," and "keep the foot off the floor and use both hands"-accounted for a total of 59.1%. Furthermore, the leg-through motion patterns varied according to the participants' usual means of mobility. The inter-rater agreement was good for the initial leg (kappa = 0.72) and subsequent leg (0.80). CONCLUSIONS: We classified the motion patterns of older adults during diaper wearing. Our results provide fundamental insights into appropriate care and rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, these findings inform further hypothesis-driven research on diaper-wearing kinematics and support the development of effective strategies to enhance independence diaper use in older adults.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate factors influencing the range of motion (ROM) in shoulder flexion and abduction, which are often compromised by postoperative conditions, including pain, soft tissue damage, and muscle weakness, 1 month after breast cancer surgery in patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Methods In this retrospective study, the electronic medical database of a university hospital was searched for patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation following breast cancer surgery between May 2014 and April 2020. The extracted data included age, sex, affected side, body mass index, number of nodes removed, levels of axillary lymph nodes, type of mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, duration of postoperative drain placement, and length of hospital stay after the surgery. Passive shoulder joint ROM was examined before and 1 month after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with the presence of shoulder joint ROM limitations 1 month after surgery. Results This study enrolled 258 patients. A total of 210 participants (81.4%) had shoulder ROM limitation after the surgery. Shoulder flexion and abduction ROM decreased after surgery by an average of 31.3° and 35.9°, respectively. Age, number of nodes removed, and total mastectomy were significantly associated with shoulder joint ROM limitation after surgery. Conclusion Over 80% of participants had reduced shoulder ROM 1 month after surgery, even after inpatient rehabilitation. We identified age, number of nodes removed, and total mastectomy as risk factors for reduced shoulder ROM, providing useful prognostic information regarding the restriction of passive shoulder ROM after breast cancer surgery.