戸塚 学

type:Article 小学校低学年児を対象とした運動プログラムを考案及び実践し，それらの効果検証としてセルフエフィカシーと運動に対する好意度から検討することを研究の目的とした．対象は，弘前市内にある２つの小学校の２年生児童運動群37名，対象群36名，計73名とし運動介入前後に調査を行った．その結果，運動群において運動好意度の有意な上昇が認められ，運動プログラムの介入効果の可能性が示唆された．しかし，セルフエフィカシーの上昇は認められず，身体活動量などの視点からの検討も行っていないため，今後，長期的な介入や児童の身体活動量の観点からも検討する必要性がある．

Pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are major chronic diseases that result in decreased pulmonary function. Relationships between body composition and pulmonary function have been reported. However, few epidemiological studies have used the visceral fat area (VFA) to measure body composition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body composition and pulmonary function. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2016, using data obtained from 1,287 residents aged between 19 and 91 years living in the Iwaki area of Hirosaki City, a rural region in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Pulmonary function was evaluated using the forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted value (predicted FVC%) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) to FVC. The measurements for evaluating body composition included the body fat percentage (BFP) of the whole body and trunk, skeletal muscle index (SMI), body mass index (BMI), VFA, waist circumference (WC) at the navel level, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). To adjust for potential confounders, Spearman’s partial correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the measurements of body composition and pulmonary function. There were significant correlations between the predicted FVC% and the following parameters: BFP (whole body and trunk) in younger males; SMI in older males; WC, VFA, BMI, and SMI in younger females; and BFP (whole body and trunk) and VFA in older females. Contrastingly, WC and VFA in younger males and WC in younger females were correlated with the FEV₁/FVC ratio. VFA was correlated with the FEV₁/FVC ratio in younger males and predicted FVC% in older females. These findings suggest that visceral fat accumulation may increase the development of obstructive pulmonary disease in young males and accelerate the decline of pulmonary function (predicted FVC%) in older females.

本研究は，地域在住の60歳以上の者を対象として，認知機能とメタボリックシンドロームおよびロコモティブシンドロームとの関連を検討することを目的とした．研究参加者は，青森県弘前市岩木地区在住の男性101名，女性167名であった．研究参加者に対して，認知機能検査，メタボリックシンドローム評価指標（腹囲，血圧，血中脂質，血清血糖）およびロコモティブシンドローム評価指標（ロコモ25， 2 ステップテスト，立ち上がりテスト）の測定をおこなった．分析結果から，男性のロコモティブシンドローム該当者は有意に認知機能が低く，該当項目数が増えるにしたがってその傾向は顕著であった．一方，メタボリックシンドローム評価指標においては，男女ともに認知機能との関連は見られなかった．以上より，ロコモティブシンドローム評価指標は，男性において認知機能低下の予測因子としての有用性が示唆された． The purpose of this study was to examine how cognitive function is related to metabolic syndrome and locomotive syndrome in a Japanese general population over the age of 60. The subjects were 101 males and 167females living in the Iwaki area, Hirosaki city in Aomori Prefecture. The survey parameters were as follows: cognitive function test（ Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE）, metabolic syndrome index（ abdominal girth, blood pressure, serum lipid and serum glucose level） and the locomotive syndrome index（ the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale, two-step test and stand-up test）. As a result, males with locomotive syndrome had significantly lower cognitive function, and the tendency was remarkable as the number of relevant items increased. On the other hand, in the metabolic syndrome index, associations with neither gender nor cognitive function were observed. From the above, it was found that the locomotive syndrome evaluation index was considered useful as a tool for screening cognitive decline in males.

2015年健康増進プロジェクトに参加した地域住民約1000名中、悪性腫瘍、脳血管疾患、虚血性心疾患、視力障害、整形外科手術歴、ステロイド内服、精神神経疾患既往、めまい疾患、リウマチ、女性ホルモン剤内服者を除外した888名(男性351名、女性537名)を対象に、認知機能と重心動揺検査を含む体力の関連性について検討し、認知機能低下の指標としてその値が活用できるか検討した。喫煙者男女と60歳以上で有意に低下し、運動習慣のある人の割合は女性の60歳以上で有意に上昇した。体力検査は女性の長座体前屈以外の全項目が60歳以上で有意に低下した。MMSEと加齢の関係は男女とも50代まで横ばいで、60歳前後でMMSEが低下した。60歳以上では女性より男性でMMSE値と体力項目が関連していた。男性ではMMSEと筋力と歩行関連に、女性は握力において関連があった。

【目的】親子体操が、母親の育児ストレス、生活習慣、体力、動脈硬化関連指標、及び子どもの生活習慣、体力に及ぼす影響を検討した。【方法】対象は、弘前市内の幼稚園児(平成25年度4月1日時点で満4歳)とその母親、計43組の親子であった。2013年11月から2014年5月まで6ヵ月間親子体操を実施し、初日(介入前)、最終日(介入後)に測定を行った。調査内容は、聞き取り調査(運動習慣などの生活習慣、抑うつ度、育児ストレス度、睡眠状況)、血圧測定、血液検査、体力測定(親子:長座体前屈、握力、親:上体起こし、垂直跳び、VO2max、子ども:25m走、テニスボール投げ、反復横跳び)であった。調査期間中は、配布した教材から好きな運動を選び、自宅で、個人の自由な頻度・内容で実施させた。各親子に運動実施チェックシートを配布し、運動の内容と頻度を記録させた。【結果】高頻度群の母親は体脂肪率および収縮期血圧が介入後に有意に低下し、抑うつ度、育児ストレス、睡眠状況が改善し、体脂肪率と収取期血圧の低下がみられた。低頻度群ではそのような傾向はみられなかった。子供では、両群ともに発達による変化がみられたが、ほとんどの項目で変化率に両群で差がみられなかった。【結語】本研究により、親子体操は親の育児ストレスや体組成・血圧に好ましい影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

【目的】大学女性ダンサーにより実施された約40日間のピリオダイゼーションの適正を筋疲労及び免疫機能から検討した。【方法】対象者は大学女性ダンサー15名であった。ピリオダイゼーションは創作期、修練期に区分された、両期に2時間のトレーニングを実施させ、その前後に好中球数、リンパ球数、免疫グロブリン、補体、筋逸脱酵素、好中球ROS産生能、貪食能、リンパ球機能を測定した。【結果】修練期の2時間のトレーニング前値は創作期に比して筋逸脱酵素値が高く、好中球数、IgA、IgM、C3が低かった。創作期の2時間のトレーニング後にROS産生能が上昇、貪食能が低下したが(通常パターン)、修練期ではROS産生能が低下、貪食能が上昇した(非通常パターン)。修練期の2時間のトレーニング前の血清SOD活性は、創作期に比して低下した。修練期の2時間のトレーニング後のT細胞、B細胞数の変化率は創作期に比して小さかった。【まとめ】本結果は本対象者で修練期に筋疲労及び免疫学機能の低下がみられたことを示唆した。適切なテーパリング期の設定が必要と考えられた。(著者抄録)

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to reveal the effects of physique, body composition, and lifestyles on bone mineral density（ BMD） in the early teens. Subjects of the current study were 73 boys and 73 girls. Osteo-sono assessment index （OSI）, body mass index （BMI）, body fat percentage and fat-free mass index （FFMI）were measures. All subjects were measured at two points; 5th grade and 8th grade. The association between changes in these values and the OSI at 8th grade were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. Positive correlations were observed between the OSI and exercise t...

To clarify the physical and mental fatigue caused by intense exercise and the relationship between the two types of fatigue, we examined changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables, neutrophil function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire in 13 female university judoists attending a one-week training camp. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, haemoglobin, leukocyte count, IgG, and phagocytic activity all decreased after the training camp compared with baseline (P <= 0.046). Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased after the training camp (P <= 0.007). Of the POMS scores, that for Fatigue increased after the training camp (P=0.041) and that for Vigour decreased (P=0.042). The changes in several POMS scores correlated with the changes in blood biochemical variables. In particular, the change in Total mood disturbance was negatively associated with changes in myogenic enzymes (P <= 0.032). Our results suggest that intense exercise during training camps for female judoists leads to the appearance and accumulation of mental and physical fatigue, which are related to each other.

In order to evaluate the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from human neutrophils and the health of the organism, we developed a new technique and apparatus to measure ROS, and studied the relationship between ROS production and many kinds of environmental factors, such as the circadian rhythm, various degrees of exercise loading and training, diet, alcohol, smoking, and other environmental factors. ROS production and serum opsonic activity did not significantly change at levels of up to 50-60% of VO2max, as advocated by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, but in the case of exercise overloading tomore than 65%VO2max, ROS production increased. On the other hand, when neutrophils were exposed to environmental factors, e.g., ethanol, minerals, interferon, laser, ultraviolet light and so on, at a low density, ROS production from neutrophils was only slightly enhanced. However, when neutrophils were exposed to the same environmental factors at an excessive density, ROS production significantly decreased. Given that small increases in ROS production from neutrophils are beneficial to the organism, as many researchers have reported, ROS production at low density exposure to environmental factors may increase the autoimmunocompetency of the organism, in other words, it is good for the health. Furthermore, ROS production and serum opsonic activity showed an inverse relationshipinmany kinds of environment, indicatingamu-tual compensatory mechanism to maintain the homeostasis of the autoimmune system. © 2005, International Phototherapy Association. All rights reserved.

We investigated the effects of acute endurance exercise and habitual physical activity for health maintenance on human neutrophil function in 12 untrained men. The acute exercise condition was a continuous exercise for 90 minutes at the intensity of 50% and 55% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on an ergometer. The training program was 3km jogging three times per week for 8 weeks. The capacity of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (LgCL) and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL) on stimulation with opsonized zymo...

Twenty endurance-trained athletes(five male speed-skaters, eleven male and four female cross-country skiers, 16-18years)ran on a treadmill by a protocol of incremental graded increase in workload until exhaustion during an endurance training period in off-season summer. Immediately after exercise, all developed peripheral leukocytosis(1.9times;p<0.01)due mainly to lymphocytosis (2.6times;p<0.01)with a predominant effect on large granular lymphocyte(natural killer cell)count(5.9times;p<0.01). Monocyte count was also enhanced 2.3tames(p<0.01). These increases were transitory and returned to t...

A study was conducted to elucidate the acute effects of endurance exercise on white blood cells by setting three conditions of different intensity and duration; (a) an upper limit of aerobic exercise for health promotion and (b) superior limits within endurance exercise tolerance for untrained persons were prescribed separately for the same healthy untrained male student volunteers (n=10) at intensities of 85% and 95% of the individual anaerobic threshold (AT) values for 1h and 1.5h, respectively, on a bicycle ergometer. In addition, (c) participants in a 100-km marathon race (n=20) who con...

本研究では800m走のラストスパートに関与するエネルギー供給機構について調べた.被検者は19～23歳の男性800m走競技者9名であり, 過去1年以内の最高記録から成績の高いA群と低いB群に二分した.実験は走スピードを規定した600mテスト, 及び600mまでを前者と同スピードで走り, 残り200mを最大努力走 (ラストスパート) する800mテストの2種目のランニングテストを行った.600mまでの走スピードの規定は自作の電灯式走ペースメーカーによった.採血は安静, 準備運動後, ランニングテスト後の6分目および10分目とし, 血漿乳酸, 血漿アンモニア, 血清グルコースおよび血液pHの分析を行った.酸素負債はランニングテスト後38分間の値を採用した.結果は次のようであった.<BR>1) 600mまでの走タイムには両群間に有意な差はみられなかったが, ラストスパートタイムはA群がB群にくらべ有意な速い値を示した.2) ラストスパートでの血漿乳酸および血漿アンモニア値は, A群のみが有意に増加した.3) ラストスパートのタイムとその時の血漿乳酸, 酸素負債の値に, それぞれ有意な負の相関関係が認められた.<BR>以上の結果から, 800mのラストスパートの成績には無酸素性エネルギー供給能力の貢献が特に強く, その成績は, ラストスパート前の血漿乳酸等が示す無酸素性エネルギー供給能力の余力と正の関係をもつものと結論した.

本論文の要旨は第46回体力医学会大会において発表した。

A study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of urinary 3-methylhistidine (3-Me),urea-nitrogen (Urea-N) and creatinine (Cr) excretion on athletes during exercise training period.Experiments were performed on 30 athletes (the group of athletes included 9 long distance runners as training for aerobic performance (Runner), 9 short distance runners as tranining for anaerobic performance (Sprinter), 12 rugby football players as training for aerobic and anaerobic performance (Rugger)) and 11 sedentary controls (Control). The subjects ingested a meat-free diet for 4 days. For analysis of u...