川口 淳一郎

Since 2008, a new plan for next Mars exploration program has been proposed and discussed by scientists and engineers in Japan. This exploration program is named MELOS, or Mars Exploration with Lander and Orbiter Synergy, a long-awaited program in the planetary science community in Japan after unsuccessful end of Nozomi Mars orbiter and ongoing challenge of Akatsuki Venus orbiter. The goal of the whole program is to understand Mars as a system, by elucidation of Martian climate, atmospheric escape, internal structure, surface environment and interaction by them. A series of missions has been planned, and several spacecraft including orbiters and landers are under discussion to be launched in early 2020's. In this paper, we investigate launch opportunities during early 2020's and estimate the payload mass in each case. Feasible interplanetary transfer trajectories from Earth to Mars are proposed. Preliminary design of insertion sequence into the Mars orbit and some orbit candidates derived from mission requirements are also shown together with numerical simulation results.

太陽系形成期の研究は，主に隕石を参照することにより検証がおこなわれ，進展して来た．隕石は小惑星の破片であるといわれているが，母天体となる小惑星が確認されている隕石は一つもない．小惑星イトカワにタッチダウンした惑星探査機はやぶさが，昨年，小惑星イトカワの表面物質を地球に持ち帰った．採取された試料は，最大で数百ミクロンの微粒子であるが，これらの試料を分析することにより，小惑星と隕石との関係の一部が初めて明らかになっていくことが期待される． 本講演では，酸素同位体組成，マグネシウム同位体組成戸26Al，微量元素組成について報告する．

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully achieved the world's first solar power sail technology by IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun) mission in 2010. It demonstrated a photon propulsion and thin film solar power generation during its interplanetary cruise. The 200m2-span sail was deployed and kept extended by centrifugal force of the spacecraft rotation. IKAROS also succeeded in accelerating and controlling the orbit by actively exploiting solar radiation pressure, and thus became the world's first actual solar sailer flying an interplanetary voyage. This paper presents the design of IKAROS solar sail system, operation results and introduces a perspective of this new technology to apply to the next generation mission toward Jupiter and Trojan asteroids.

2003年5月に打ち上げられ、2005年9月に小惑星イトカワに到着、2010年6月に地球帰還を果たした小惑星探査機「はやぶさ」について、その概要、通信系構成、通信途絶後の復旧作業について述べる。

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) makes the world's first solar power sail craft IKAROS demonstration of photon propulsion and thin film solar power generation during its interplanetary cruise. The spacecraft deploys and spans a membrane of 20 meters in diameter using the spin centrifugal force. It also deploys thin film solar cells on the membrane, in order to evaluate its thermal control property and anti-radiation performance in the real operational field. The spacecraft weighs approximately 310kg, launched together with the agency's Venus Climate Orbiter, AKATSUKI on May 21, 2010. This paper presents the summary of development and operation of IKAROS.

The asteroid explorer Hayabusa, which is the spacecraft for asteroid sample return mission of Japan, came back to the Earth on June 13, 2010, seven year after the launch. It is the first spacecraft in the world that went to a solar system body farther than the moon, touched down on its surface, took off, and came back to the earth. Hayabusa has many new challenges; some of them were successful but others were unsuccessful. As the results, Hayabusa revealed the strange nature of a small near earth asteroid, Itokawa. In this paper, we describe the whole mission of Hayabusa.

ソーラーセイルWG では,太陽の光子の圧力を受けて進む光子セイルに,薄膜太陽電池を貼り付けて大電力を発生し高比推力のイオンエンジンを駆動する推進システム,ソーラー電力セイルの検討を進めている.このシステムの確立において重要な技術課題である大型膜面の展開機能を検証するため,大気球を用いた大型膜面の展開総合実験を計画し,展開システムの開発を行った.あいにく実験場の天候不良により平成20 年度に続き,放球を実施できなかったが,本論文では,この実験の内容および位置付けについて紹介する.