基本情報
経歴
1-
2023年5月 - 現在
論文
66-
Icarus 420 2024年9月15日Various natural effects gradually alter the surfaces of asteroids exposed to the space environment. These processes are collectively known as space weathering. The influence of space weathering on the observed spectra of C-complex asteroids remains uncertain. This has long hindered our understanding of their composition and evolution through ground-based telescope observations. Proximity observations of (162173) Ryugu by the telescopic Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T) onboard Hayabusa2 and that of (101955) Bennu by MapCam onboard Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) found opposite spectral trends of space weathering; Ryugu darkened and reddened while Bennu brightened and blued. How the spectra of Ryugu and Bennu evolved relative to each other would place an important constraint for understanding their mutual relationship and differences in their origins and evolutions. In this study, we compared the space weathering trends on Ryugu and Bennu by applying the results of cross calibration between ONC-T and MapCam obtained in our companion paper. We show that the average Bennu surface is brighter by 18.0 ± 1.5% at v band (550 nm) and bluer by 0.18 ± 0.03 μm−1 (in the 480–850 nm spectral slope) than Ryugu. The spectral slopes of surface materials are more uniform on Bennu than on Ryugu at spatial scales larger than ∼1 m, but Bennu is more heterogeneous at scales below ∼1 m. This suggests that lateral mixing of surface materials due to resurfacing processes may have been more efficient on Bennu. The reflectance−spectral slope distributions of craters on Ryugu and Bennu appeared to follow two parallel trend lines with an offset before cross calibration, but they converged to a single straight trend without a bend after cross calibration. We show that the spectra of the freshest craters on Ryugu and Bennu are indistinguishable within the uncertainty of cross calibration. These results suggest that Ryugu and Bennu initially had similar spectra before space weathering and that they evolved in completely opposite directions along the same trend line, subsequently evolving into asteroids with different disk-averaged spectra. These findings further suggest that space weathering likely expanded the spectral slope variation of C-complex asteroids, implying that they may have formed from materials with more uniform spectral slopes.
-
Icarus 417 116122-116122 2024年7月
-
Science (New York, N.Y.) 379(6634) eabo0431 2023年2月24日The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is expected to contain volatile chemical species that could provide information on the origin of Earth's volatiles. Samples of Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured noble gas and nitrogen isotopes in Ryugu samples and found that they are dominated by presolar and primordial components, incorporated during Solar System formation. Noble gas concentrations are higher than those in Ivuna-type carbonaceous (CI) chondrite meteorites. Several host phases of isotopically distinct nitrogen have different abundances among the samples. Our measurements support a close relationship between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Noble gases produced by galactic cosmic rays, indicating a ~5 million year exposure, and from implanted solar wind record the recent irradiation history of Ryugu after it migrated to its current orbit.
-
Science (New York, N.Y.) 379(6634) eabn9033 2023年2月24日The Hayabusa2 spacecraft collected samples from the surface of the carbonaceous near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu and brought them to Earth. The samples were expected to contain organic molecules, which record processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We analyzed organic molecules extracted from the Ryugu surface samples. We identified a variety of molecules containing the atoms CHNOS, formed by methylation, hydration, hydroxylation, and sulfurization reactions. Amino acids, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds were detected, which had properties consistent with an abiotic origin. These compounds likely arose from an aqueous reaction on Ryugu's parent body and are similar to the organics in Ivuna-type meteorites. These molecules can survive on the surfaces of asteroids and be transported throughout the Solar System.
-
Science Advances 8(46) 2022年11月The Hayabusa2 spacecraft returned to Earth from the asteroid 162173 Ryugu on 6 December 2020. One day after the recovery, the gas species retained in the sample container were extracted and measured on-site and stored in gas collection bottles. The container gas consists of helium and neon with an extraterrestrial 3He/4He and 20Ne/22Ne ratios, along with some contaminant terrestrial atmospheric gases. A mixture of solar and Earth’s atmospheric gas is the best explanation for the container gas composition. Fragmentation of Ryugu grains within the sample container is discussed on the basis of the estimated amount of indigenous He and the size distribution of the recovered Ryugu grains. This is the first successful return of gas species from a near-Earth asteroid.
MISC
75-
SCIENCE 333(6046) 1119-1121 2011年8月A single grain (similar to 3 micrograms) returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft was analyzed by neutron activation analysis. This grain is mainly composed of olivine with minor amounts of plagioclase, troilite, and metal. Our results establish that the Itokawa sample has similar chemical characteristics (iron/scandium and nickel/cobalt ratios) to chondrites, confirming that this grain is extraterrestrial in origin and has primitive chemical compositions. Estimated iridium/nickel and iridium/cobalt ratios for metal in the Itokawa samples are about five times lower than CI carbonaceous chondrite values. A similar depletion of iridium was observed in chondrule metals of ordinary chondrites. These metals must have condensed from the nebular where refractory siderophile elements already condensed and were segregated.
-
遊・星・人 : 日本惑星科学会誌 19(2) 157-160 2010年6月25日金星探査機「あかつき」(Planet-C)によって取得されたデータは,データ取得後1年を目処に公開される予定である.本稿では,地上へ伝送されたデータの処理の流れと,アーカイブ方法,そして公開されるデータの内容について紹介する.
-
遊・星・人 : 日本惑星科学会誌 16(3) 233-236 2007年9月25日月周回衛星「かぐや(SELENE)」に搭載された観測機器の運用とデータ解析の概要にっいて説明する.運用は計画立案と状態監視に大別されており,観測機器チームは与えられた条件を元に事前に観測計画を練り,想定通り動作しているか状態監視を行う.複数の観測機器が個々に立案した計画のマージ作業や整合性チェックは衛星システムと呼ばれるチームが行い管理している.取得したデータは,JAXAが保有するアンテナから運用系のシステムと解析系のシステムへとそれぞれ伝送される.観測機器チームは解析系のシステムからデータを取得し各々解析を行い,最終的に公開系と呼ばれるL2DBシステムに登録し,公開の準備を進める.
-
日本惑星科学会秋季講演会予稿集 2007 107-107 2007年2005年9~11月に小惑星イトカワを探査したはやぶさ探査機の科学データが2007年4月に一般に公開された。公開されたデータは次のウェブサイトからアクセスすることができる。(URL) http://hayabusa.sci.isas.jaxa.jp/ はやぶさ探査機に搭載された観測機器によって得られた科学データについては、はやぶさサイエンスチームによる初期解析と平行して、チーム外の研究者にもデータを公開する準備を進めた結果、レベル1データについて公開の準備が整ったため、アーカイブ公開が行われた。
-
日本惑星科学会秋季講演会予稿集 2007 133-133 2007年「かぐや(セレーネ)」搭載蛍光エックス線分光計(XRS)による月面元素分析手法の開発を進めている.本報告では、その手法の概要について紹介する.特に,われわれは月表面のラフネスによる蛍光X線強度への影響とその補正方法について検討してきている.ラフネスには2種類あり,X線吸収長程度の微小凹凸による影響と,より大きな地形的凹凸による影響がある.さらに,鉱物サイズが無視できないことによる効果も検討している.これらを定式化することが大量データで解析する上で重要であり,それらの検討を進めている.その現状についても紹介する.
-
日本惑星科学会秋季講演会予稿集 2006 96-76 2006年蛍光X線観測は、惑星探査の代表的手法の一つであり、フライバイ探査によって大気のない惑星の表層元素組成を定量的に決定することができる。はやぶさ搭載XRS (X-Ray Spectrometer) では、イトカワ表層からの蛍光X線を観測し、定量的に表層元素組成を決定する。蛍光X線は太陽X線を励起源としているが、イトカワ観測期間中の太陽活動度は予想より低く、CaやFeなど高エネルギー側の元素を検出するには、観測期間のデータを長時間積分する事が必要である。我々は、数値シミュレーションの結果より積分時間を検討し、距離や視野を十分に考慮して解析を行った。
-
Proc ISAS Lunar Planet Symp (CD-ROM) 39th ROMBUNNO.21 2006年
-
日本惑星科学会秋期講演会予稿集 2001 28-28 2001年10月6日We are developing an X-Ray fluorescence Spectrometer (XRS) onboard the asteroid probe MUSES-C. Variation of solar X-rays must be considered to analyze major elements quantitatively. XRS observes solar X-rays indirectly using a standard sample. Therefore X-rays from a planetary surface can be calibrated with those from a standard sample in addition to investigation of the spectra and intensities of solar X-rays. We make a model of solar X-ray flux and simulate X-rays observed from a standard sample under various solar conditions. We estimate inversely solar X-rays with calculated emissions and investigate suitable integration times.
-
日本惑星科学会秋期講演会予稿集 2001 84-84 2001年10月6日We are developing an X-Ray fluorescence Spectrometer (XRS) onboard the asteroid probe MUSES-C. XRS contains 5 CCD chips. XRS will not carry in-flight calibration sources. Therefore we will observe cosmic X-ray objects for the calibration with XRS during the cruise. We performed numerical simulation of observing some known X-ray objects. Those simulations were run with exposure time about 3 hours, based on the best-fit models to the ASCA SIS spectra.
共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題
3-
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 2013年4月 - 2015年3月
-
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 2011年 - 2012年
-
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 1999年 - 2001年