那須田 晃子

The use of full-battery electric vehicles is an essential strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. This study examined the transition to full-battery electric vehicles by conducting a cross-sectional household survey in 2023 that collected information on vehicle preferences, evaluations, purchase intentions, environmental attitudes, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The results show that among households using a vehicle as their primary mode of transportation, approximately 89% relied on fossil fuel vehicles, whereas only 6% used electric vehicles. The study further finds that acceptance of vehicles during inter-vehicle transitions is closely linked to energy type: households currently owning fossil fuel vehicles exhibited a high likelihood of repurchasing a fossil fuel vehicle, while electric vehicle owners were more inclined to choose another electric vehicle across cities and areas of different sizes. Households that own electric vehicles tend to report higher levels of well-being compared with those that own fossil fuel vehicles. In addition, sufficient charging infrastructure, stronger knowledge of environmental issues, participation in altruistic donation activities, and cooperative behavior positively influenced electric vehicle adoption. These findings suggest several policy implications, including the expansion of charging stations for business and public use, setting reasonable vehicle prices, improving charging speed, developing electric vehicles suitable for large families, and encouraging individuals to gain initial driving experience with electric vehicles to promote adoption.

本論文は，既存研究ではほとんど扱われてこなかったショック後の消費水準の回復に焦点をあて，回復の有無・速度や回復を促す要因を分析した．ザンビアの南部州で2007年11月から2009年12月まで実施した家計調査に基づく月次のパネルデータを利用し，消費成長関数を推計し，007年12月に発生した大雨の影響を，家計固有のショックによる部分と村落レベルのショックによる部分とに分けて計測した．調査対象農家を牛や山羊などの家畜保有の多寡で富裕層と貧困層に分割した結果，富裕層では大雨ショックによる消費水準の低下が貧困層よりも顕著であるが，富裕層の方がその後の長期的（ショック後1年半程度）な回復速度が速いことがわかった．つまり富裕層の方が貧困層より回復力が強い．他方，貧困層でも消費水準の低下が確認できるが，消費水準の有意な回復が見られないため，貧困の罠に捕らわれたと考えられる．This paper analyzes the time required for recovery from a shock and the factors affecting the speed of recovery, because existing literature on consumption smoothing has not paid much attention to the recovery of consumption. Using household monthly panel data collected in Southern Province of Zambia, this paper estimates consumption growth functions and examines the impact of heavy rainfall shock that took place in December 2007. It is found that households with more livestock assets recovered consumption in the long-rum (i.e. after one and a half year) or they are resilient, while those with less livestock assets did not recover.