小川 桂一郎

日本化学会は1989年から英文論文誌の電子化に着手し, 試行錯誤の末, J-STAGEを効果的に利用した日本独自の電子ジャーナルを構築した。その結果は多くのアクセスによる読者数の増大と高い海外比率として現れ, 投稿数の増大につながっている。また, Chemistry Letters誌は一般化学雑誌としては, 受け付けてから公開まで世界最速の雑誌であることがわかった。本稿では日本化学会での英文誌電子ジャーナルの現状と, 有料公開に向けた取り組みについて紹介し, 日本発の学術情報流通発展させるための課題と考察について述べる。

日本化学会では1989年より2つの英文誌の電子化に取り組み，2002年よりJ-STAGEを利用した電子ジャーナルサービスを開始した。3年の無料公開を経て年100万件を超えるアクセスを得るに至ったので，2005年より電子ジャーナルの有料課金を開始した。その最新状況について，電子ジャーナルアクセス数，電子投稿・査読の導入による審査期間短縮効果，ならびに有料課金を導入する際の業務負担について紹介する。一方，日本の英文学術雑誌の抱える問題をこれまでの活動から考察し，学会のあり方と他組織との関連性について述べる。

日本化学会では独自に行った電子ジャーナルに関する取り組みを元に，積極的にJ-STAGEの利用を検討することによって，引用リンクや他データベースの連携を含む電子ジャーナルの標準サービスを実現しつつ，冊子体出版の延長としての現実的な電子ジャーナルモデルを構築することができた。今回，そのモデルを運用面から詳細に紹介すると共に，早くも成果が多くの海外からのアクセス数として現れたことを述べる。更にJ-STAGE利用における工夫，電子投稿についての運用，出版費用の削減，電子査読に潜む問題について述べ，学会の電子ジャーナル運営のあり方を考察する。

Reversible change in color of substances with variation of the temperature is known as thermochromism and has attracted much interest from chemist for a long time. Salicylideneanilines belong to a class of the most popular compounds that show thermochromism in the solid state. We recently succeeded for the first time in the observation of the crystal structure change associated with the thermochromism and in the determination of the structure of the colored form. Furthermore, we discovered that salicylideneanilines are generally thermochromic in the fluid solution of a saturated hydrocarbon...

Origins of the bond distance anomalies observed for the X-ray structures of a series of organic compounds are discussed in terms of molecular motion and reactions in crystals. The unusual shortening of the central bond in stilbene-type compounds has been ascribed to an artifact originated from molecular motion in crystals. The anomalous elongation of the central C - C bond in bi (anthracene-9, 10-dimethylene) photoisomer has been ascribed to an artifact originated from a cycloreversion reaction in crystals.

How to create and use CIF, which is required for submission of papers having the results of crystallographic structure analysis, is illustrated.

It is shown that the ethylene bond in (<I>E</I>) -stilbenes is often observed unusually short by X-ray diffraction. Detailed analyses of the temperature dependent X-ray structures reveal that the short ethylene bond is an artifact caused by a dynamical disorder originating from the large amplitude torsional vibration of the C-Ph bonds, during which the movement of the benzene rings is restrained to be a minimum. Origin of the unusually short ethane bond in the X-ray structures of polyarylethanes is also discussed by a similar model.

Analyses of the X-ray diffraction data of (E) -stilbenes revealed that the X-ray structures of these compounds commonly show an unusually short bond length for the ethylene bond and a strong temperature dependence for the molecular structure. It is concluded that the short ethylene bond is an artifact caused by dynamic averaging originated from the torsional vibration of the C -Ph bonds during which the movement of the benzene rings are restrained minimum. The observed temperature dependence of the molecular structure is ascribed to the slight energy difference between the conformers which ...

Peroxodisulfate oxidations of various organic compounds are surveyed from a synthetic as well as a mechanistic point of view. Literature has been coverd through the beginning of 1983.

Generations, structures, and reactivities of aminyl and ammoniumyl radicals, especially the differences between these radicals, have been surveyed.