峰 友紗

INTRODUCTION: Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) professionals, such as nursery school teachers in Japan, are essential for children's development but face substantial physical and emotional demands that may affect their health. In recent years, workplace social capital (WSC)-defined as trust, reciprocity, and cooperative relationships within the workplace-has been recognized as an important determinant of employee health. Although associations between WSC and health outcomes have been reported in several occupational groups, little is known about its role among ECCE professionals. This study investigated the relationship between WSC and self-rated health (SRH) among Japanese nursery school teachers caring for children under 3 years of age. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study from February to May 2024, targeting 5,000 randomly selected childcare facilities across Japan. Self-administered questionnaires collected data on demographics, work-hours-related conditions, WSC, and SRH. SRH was assessed using a single-item measure and dichotomized into "good" and "poor." WSC was measured using the Japanese version of the Finnish Public Sector Study (FPSS) scale and categorized into four groups. Logistic regression models estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Of 2,470 valid responses, 10.4% reported poor SRH. Compared with the very high WSC group, participants in the very low WSC group had significantly higher odds of poor SRH (adjusted OR = 5.60; 95% CI: 3.24-9.70). This association remained significant after adjusting for work-hours-related conditions. Notably, additional adjustment for taking daily rest breaks attenuated the association (adjusted OR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.40-7.00). CONCLUSION: This study provides the first nationwide evidence linking WSC with SRH among Japanese nursery school teachers. Lower WSC was strongly associated with poor SRH, independent of work-hours-related conditions. Supportive and cohesive workplace relationships may enhance perceived health and facilitate effective recovery from fatigue, underscoring their importance in ECCE settings.

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have focused on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy, the dose-response relationship has not yet been confirmed, and very few studies have included Asian populations. Using a record-linkage method, we examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and RWG in infants at around 4 months of age to clarify the dose-response relationship. METHODS: Two databases were used: maternal check-ups during pregnancy and early infancy check-ups (between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2014 in Okinawa, Japan) were linked via IDs and provided to us after unlinkable anonymizing. For 10,433 subjects (5229 boys and 5204 girls), we calculated the change in infants' weight z-score by subtracting the z-score of their birth weight from their weight at early infancy check-ups. Smoking exposure was categorized into five groups. We used Poisson regression to examine the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with RWG in early infancy. RESULTS: Overall, 1524 (14.6%) were ex-smoker and 511 (4.9%) were current smoker. Compared with the reference category of non-smokers, the adjusted risk ratio of RWG was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.32) for ex-smokers, 1.18 (95% CI, 0.93-1.50) for those who smoked 1-5 cigarettes per day, 1.57 (95% CI, 1.24-2.00) for those who smoked 6-10 cigarettes per day, and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.51-3.01) for those who smoked ≥11 cigarettes per day. There was a clear dose-response relationship. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in a dose-dependent manner with increased risk of RWG in early infancy.