小林 真綾

身体醜形症（Body Dysmorphic Disorder：BDD）は、自分の身体的外見に存在しない欠点や些細な外見上の欠点にとらわれることによって特徴づけられる精神疾患である。本論文では、BDDの疫学、併存疾患と精神病理、認知行動療法（Cognitive Behavioral Therapy：CBT）の効果について概説した。BDDの有病率を検討したメタ分析研究を整理したところ、BDDの有病率は美容外科患者または皮膚科患者において20.0％、精神科患者は7.4％、一般成人は1.9％、大学生は3.3％であった。また、BDDはうつ病や社交不安症、アルコール使用症との併存率が高い。BDDに対するCBTは、心理教育や、曝露法、反応妨害法などが含まれ、統制群を用いたランダム比較試験によって有効性が示されている。今後は、日本人におけるBDDの精神病理を解明し、日本人に適したCBTの開発が課題である。

Background This study developed the Japanese version of the Auckland Individualism and Collectivism Scale (J-AICS), examined its reliability and validity, and explored the associations between its factors (compete, unique, responsibility, advice, and harmony) along with variables related to mental health in the Japanese population. Methods We recruited 476 Japanese participants from the general population. Participants completed the J-AICS along with questionnaires pertaining to culture and mental health. Results Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the correlated five-factor model showed a good fit to the data. The Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω coefficients were high for the individualism, collectivism, compete, unique, and advice factors, but low for the responsibility and harmony factors. Convergent validity was supported by significant relationships between culture-related variables. A one-way analysis of variance revealed the low individualism/collectivism cluster had higher loneliness and lower satisfaction with life than the high individualism and collectivism clusters. The multiple regression analyses showed that the responsibility factor was significantly and negatively associated with mental health concerning anxiety and depressive symptoms, loneliness, and satisfaction with life. In addition, the harmony factor was significantly and positively associated with the mental health. Conclusion These findings demonstrate sufficient validity of the J-AICS; however, reliability was insufficient for responsibility and harmony. Further, responsibility was positively associated with mental health and harmony was negatively associated with mental health.