Seri Seki

消化酵素剤単独および市販のプロバイオティクス/消化酵素剤投与が11頭の健康な家庭犬の糞便マイクロバイオームに及ぼす影響について検討した.合計9週間の研究を行い、その間すべての犬は同じフードを与えられた。最近の3週間はフードのみ与えられ(試験期間1)、次の3週間において消化酵素剤が添加された(試験期間2)。最後の3週間において、市販のプロバイティクス/消化酵素剤を投与した(試験期間3)。次世代シークエンスの結果、Firmicutes門、Clostridia綱、Clostridiales目、Clostridiaceae、Clostridium属およびBlautia属の割合が試験期間1から試験期間3にかけて有意に上昇した。消化酵素剤単独および市販のプロバイティクス/消化酵素剤は健康な家庭犬の糞便マイクロバイオームに影響を与えることを示した。将来的にはこれらの薬剤が消化器疾患を防ぐことができるかを検討すべきであると考える。(著者抄録)

In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing to investigate the impacts of two commercially available prescription diet regimens on the fecal microbiomes of eleven client-owned healthy pet dogs. We tested an anallergenic diet on 6 dogs and a low-fat diet on 5 dogs. Before starting the study, each dog was fed a different commercial diet over 5 weeks. After collecting pre-diet fecal samples, the anallergenic or low-fat diet was administered for 5 weeks. We then collected fecal samples and compared the pre- and post-diet fecal microbiomes. In the dogs on the anallergenic diet, we found significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae, belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria, respectively. The proportion of the genus Streptococcus belonging to the phylum Firmicutes was significantly increased upon administering the anallergenic diet. In the dogs on the low-fat diet, although the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes tended to increase (p=0.116) and decrease (p=0.147) relative to the pre-diet levels, respectively, there were no significant differences in the proportions of any phylum between the pre- and post-diet fecal microbiomes. The anallergenic diet induced a significantly lower diversity index value than that found in the pre-diet period. Principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac distance matrices revealed separation between the pre- and post-diet microbiomes in the dogs on the anallergenic diet. These results suggest that, even in pet dogs kept indoors in different living environments, unification of the diet induces apparent changes in the fecal microbiome.

犬の肝臓腫瘤切除術において、術中に中心静脈圧(CVP)を測定し、循環管理の指標としての有効性について調査した。2017年から2019年の間に肝臓腫瘤の治療として肝臓切除を実施した犬10頭について回顧的に調査した。ヘマトクリット値(Hct)は麻酔後に平均値が12%減少した。術中のCVPと他の測定値との間に有意な相関関係は認められなかった。CVPにおいて測定開始時や開腹術後と比較して術創閉鎖後に有意な低下を示した症例が認められた。術前と術後の値の変化について、CVPとHctの間に有意な相関が認められた(p=0.8087)。今回の結果から犬の肝臓切除時において術後のCVPの低下はヘマトクリット値の低下と相関することから、術中出血による循環血液量の低下を反映することが示された。(著者抄録)

Dogs and cats under general anesthesia may develop hypothermia. When performing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, it is not possible to place a magnetic material in the MRI room, and MRI equipment requires a low room temperature. This study investigated the effectiveness of a heat insulating device that prevented hypothermia during MRI examinations in dogs and cats. The animals that underwent MRI examinations under general anesthesia were divided into control groups (no covering) and heat insulating groups (wearing bubble wrap and down cloth blankets), and their body temperatures were measured before and after the MRI examinations. The changes in body temperatures were as follows: control dogs (n = 17), median of -1.0 (from -2.5 to 0.3) °C; heat insulated dogs (n = 7), -0.3 (from -0.8 to 0.2) °C; control cats (n = 14), -1.85 (from -2.7 to -0.6) °C; and heat insulated cats (n = 12), -0.8 (from -1.5 to -0.1) °C. These results revealed that the bubble wrap and down cloth blanket significantly prevented hypothermia and heat loss from the body surface during MRI examinations of dogs and cats.

A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe insulin resistance. Although the conventional treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis was provided, the cat required frequent hospitalization because of severe dehydration and repeated diabetic ketoacidosis. We detected anti-insulin antibodies for human in this cat. Serum insulin-binding IgG levels were markedly elevated compared with those in healthy cats and other diabetic cats. We initiated prednisolone to suppress the effects of anti-insulin antibodies. After initiation of prednisolone, the cat was gradually recovered with increasing activity and appetite. Furthermore, satisfactory glycemic control was achieved with combined subcutaneous injection of insulin detemir and insulin degludec.

A 10-year-old spayed female Spitz was referred to our center for the confirmation and treatment of a recurrent cervical mass, which was previously diagnosed as oncocytoma. Pulmonary edema was identified by chest radiographic imaging. During the examination, the dog developed severe respiratory distress. After intubation, positive pressure ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure were employed, and the pulmonary consolidation was resolved within two days. Therefore, negative pressure pulmonary edema related to the cervical mass was suspected. Permanent tracheostomy was performed to reduce upper airway narrowing caused by the unresectable mass on day 3. The dog was discharged on day 13 and survived for 312 days after surgery.