熊谷 智子

Reading comprehension can be defined as the process of reconstructing a story from reading material. With this definition in mind, we conducted post-reading retelling activity in pairs in one Japanese reading class, in which each pair of learners retold the story to each other. As a result of analyzing their dialogic interactions, we observed some patterns in learners' reconstruction. Their interactions are considered to be influenced by various kinds of factors, such as learners' Japanese proficiency level, their beliefs about reading comprehension, and the level, structure and content of reading material.

本稿では，会話における発話のくり返しがコミュニケーション上の方策としてどのように機能しているかを考察する。様々な種類の会話からくり返しの事例を収集し，それらの持つはたらきを①関説的，②心情的，③動能的，④交話的，⑤詩的，⑥メタ言語的，⑦談話構成的の7つのカテゴリーのもとに分類・記述した。また，くり返しのタイプの違い（自分／他者の発話のくり返し，くり返しをするタイミング，再現の現密度）による機能や表現効果の特徴についても検討した。This paper discusses conversational functions served by repetition of utterances as they are used in communicative strategies. Based on the analysis of 1,078 examples of repetition in various kinds of conversation, the functions of repetition are described under the following categories： ① referential, ② emotive, ③ conative, ④ phatic, ⑤ poetic, ⑥ metalinguistic, and ⑦ discourse-structuring. Repetitions apparently serve different functions and expressive effects according to their type, such as self-/allo-repetition, immediate/delayed repetition, and fixity in form ranging from exact repetition to paraphrase.17の書名 : 国立国語研究所研究報告集

談話の構造を考察する際の分析の単位や方法は，研究の目的によって様々な選択の可能性があるであろう。ここでは，談話を発話機能のやりとり，あるいは連なりとしてとらえる。そして，moveを分析の単位としながら個々の発話のはたらきや特徴を検討し，それを通して談話の姿を記述することを目指す。そのために，まず発話行為を表わす，または発話行為に関係する日本語の動詞・連語を分析し，発話を多角的に考察する際の観点を蓄積する。次に，それらの観点をもとに，①発話の誘発要因，②話し手・聞き手および両者の関係，③はたらきかけの仕方，④述べられる命題の種類，⑤談話の他の発話との関わり方，⑥その他，という基本的な軸に沿った分類項目リストを作成し，発話の特徴づけ作業の一つの手段として提案する。A variety of methods and units of analysis are possible for the description of discourse structures, depending on the specific objectives of the study. In the present study, I regard discourse as an exchange or sequence of speech functions and adopt "move" as the unit of analysis. The goal of this study is to describe discourse features through the identification of speech functions and characteristics of the utterance units (moves), which compose the discourse．For this purpose, I analyzed Japanese verbs and phrases which denote speech acts in order to provide viewpoints for a multi-sided investigation of utterance units. Based on these viewpoints, I propose a list of classifying features organized under the following six categories : (1) the impetus for the utterance, (2) characteristics of speaker, hearer and their relationship, (3) the type of illocutionary act, (4) the proposition type, (5) the relationship of the utterance to other utterances in the discourse, and (6) others.17の書名 : 国立国語研究所研究報告集