土川 忠浩

This study aimed to clarify the body heat balance between the human body and its sleep environment. However, because heat transfer coefficients of sleeping positions have not been sufficiently studied, body heat balance of its positions cannot be accurately assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose the radiative heat transfer coefficient of the whole body and the empirical formula of convective heat transfer coefficient of the whole body in natural convection, with focus on the convective heat transfer area of the human body. Measurements were carried out with a thermal mannequin. Experimental posture was supine (floor contact) position. Thermal sensors directly measuring the heat flux and thermal radiation were employed. Experiments were conducted under the following conditions in an artificial climate chamber. Air temperature was set to six cases (ta=16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26℃). Wall, floor and ceiling temperatures were set to equal air temperature (mrt=ta). Relative humidity and air velocity were kept constant level of 50% and less than 0.2m/s. The following results were obtained. The radiative heat transfer coefficient with supine (floor contact) posture was 3.235W/(m^2・K). The empirical formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the whole body with supine (floor contact) posture was represented hc=0.881ΔT^<0.368>[W/(m^2・K)] where the power of the difference between the mean skin temperature corrected by convective heat transfer area and air temperature (ΔT[K]).

本研究の目的は、人体と環境との間の熱収支の算出の基準となる人体の伝熱面積に着目した人体形状モデルを開発することである。被験者の体表面の三次元座標の実測には非接触3次元デジタイザを用いておこなった。被験者の姿勢は椅座位とした。人体を三角形で構成した人体形状モデルを構築した。椅座位モデルを構成する三角形の数量は8955個となった。人体と周囲環境との間の熱交換量の算定に不可欠である人体の体表面積・伝導伝熱面積・対流伝熱面積・放射伝熱面積を被験者を用いた実測により明らかにした。人体の全体表面積に対する伝導伝熱面積の比・対流伝熱面積の比・放射伝熱面積の比のそれぞれは、人体モデルの場合が、0.009, 0.902, 0.716、人体の場合が0.008, 0.910, 0.732を得た。構築した人体形状モデルと人体の伝熱面積とを比較し、その妥当性を定量的に検証した。

放射熱伝達による人体と環境との間の熱交換量の算定に必要な姿勢別の人体の有効放射面積率と人体と矩形面との間の形態係数値を実測により求めた.裸体人体の有効放射面積率は,横座位が0.613,投げ足位が0.642,側臥位が0.722,仰臥位が0.792を得た.そして,各姿勢の形態係数値図表を作成した.立位・椅座位・正座位・胡座位・横座位・立て膝位・投げ足位・側臥位・仰臥位姿勢のデータの比較をおこない,その差を明らかにした.裸体人体の有効放射面積率は,姿勢の影響を顕著に受けることを明らかにした.裸体人体の形態係数値は,壁面に対向する人体の正中線の長さや人体の前額面の大きさに強く影響を受けることを明らかにした.

The world currently faces the new wave of industrial civilization, that is regarded as the changes caused by the Revolution of Information Technology (IT). This study is conducted to clarify how a mobile phone (MP) and the Internet through personal computer (IPC) have been actually used. We also examine what kind of interface (input device) is preferred by the elderly, by using a questionnaire regarding the IT equipment. This study adopts not only the χ2 test but also the rough set analysis. As a result of the rough set analysis and χ2 test, those who were interested in a MP preferred, Japanese kana syllabary (JKS) the most. The rough set analysis also discovered the facts that those interested in the keyboard had a preference for the IPC and also that those interested in the JKS and the speech preferred a MP. We can conclude that the complementary use of the rough set analysis and χ2 test bring more powerful knowledge discovery. © Springer-Verlag 2001.

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the input devices for the Internet and the factors such as age, health status, and future need of a mobile phone (MP) and the Internet through personal computer (IPC). The magnitude of the relation was evaluated by the odds ratio (OR). The survey was done in December 2000 and January 2001. The study sample was forty women, 78.5±4.5 years of age (70-89), who lived in their own houses in Y Town near Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan. As a result of analysis, the touch screen was the most preferred input device among the elderly with high age [OR=3.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-18.98]. It was also preferred by subjects with more difficulties (OR=5.00, 95% CI 1.05-25.41) and less future need of a MP and the IPC (OR=7.22, 95% CI 1.34-43.88). These results suggest that the future need of a MP and the IPC was the most highly correlated with the input device for the Internet.

1. 1. The objective of this paper is to investigate the indoor environment from the viewpoint of interaction between physical environment and the human responses. The field survey has been conducted over 1 year. 2. 2. A continuous measurement has been carried out for 1 week and distribution of variables have been measured for 1 day. 3. 3. The attitude of workers was investigated by a questionnaire. 4. 4. As the result, average luminance represented more than 1000 lx in the new building, in contrast with less tha 300 lx in the existing building. 5. 5. There was a significant difference of the occupants' response to the light environment between the two buildings. 6. 6. Measured thermal conditions are on the edge of the ASHRAE comfort envelope in summer, and in the neighborhood of the lower dry limit of the envelope in spring. 7. 7. The occupants' evaluations were remarkably changed before and after the moving. The office environment is better than that of the factory. © 1993.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of thermal radiation on nude human body in standing posture. Experients were conducted under the following conditions in an artificial climatic chamber. Air temperature is set to three cases (T_a=25°C, 28°C, 31°C). Wall radiator temperature is set to two cases (T_w=T_a, 40°C). Combining air temperature and wall radiator temperature were considered six thermal conditions. Humidity and air velocity condition were kept constant level of 60% RH and less than 0.2m/s. Three collegiate male subjects in standing posture were exposed to the conditions for 30 minutes after 30minutes exposure in sedentary.