本多 信一

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising materials for electronic applications, such as transparent electrodes and thin-film transistors. However, the dispersion of isolated SWCNTs into solvents remains an important issue for their practical applications. SWCNTs are commonly dispersed in solvents via ultrasonication. However, ultrasonication damages SWCNTs, forming defects and cutting them into short pieces, which significantly degrade their electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, we demonstrate a novel approach toward the large-scale dispersion of long and isolated SWCNTs by using hydrodynamic cavitation. Considering the results of atomic force microscopy and dynamic light-scattering measurements, the average length of the SWCNTs dispersed via the hydrodynamic cavitation method is larger than that of the SWCNTs dispersed by using an ultrasonic homogenizer.

Abstract The chemical vapor transport method was used in this research to synthesize MoS₂ bulk. Through mechanical exfoliation, we limited the thickness of MoS₂ flakes from 1 to 3 μm. In order to fabricate a p–n homogeneous junction, we used oxygen plasma treatment to transform the MoS₂ characteristics from n-type to p-type to fabricate a p–n homogenous junction and demonstrate the charge neutrality point shift from −80 to +102 V successfully using FET measurement. The MoS₂ p–n homogeneous junction diode showed an excellent p-n characteristic curve during the measurements and performed great rectifying behavior with 1–10 V_pp in the half-wave rectification experiment. This work demonstrated that MoS₂ flake had great potential for p-n diodes that feature significant p–n characteristics and rectifying behavior.

To clarify the nature of defects presented in neutron (n)-irradiated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) observation at room temperature (RT) and high pressure was conducted with synchrotron radiation (SPring-8). We focused on the graphite (002) [G(002)] peak under compression to 18.1 GPa and also under decompression. For comparison, unirradiated HOPG was also placed in the same high-pressure cell. We found that the G(002) peak can be represented by two components, the S and L peaks, for the n-irradiated HOPG, whereas it can be represented by only one component for the unirradiated HOPG. The d-spacing for the n-irradiated and unirradiated HOPG samples gradually decreased with increasing pressure. At 18.1 GPa, the d-spacing of the S peak of the irradiated sample became almost the same as that of the unirradiated one, but that of the L peak was larger. Under decompression, the behavior of the d-spacing was almost opposite to that under compression, and the d-spacing was restored to its value before compression. Also, taking account of the changes in the peak widths, we referred to and considered irradiation-induced defects of interstitial-type defects existing between the basal planes and in-plane defects of dislocation dipoles as possible defects that affect the changes in the G(002) peak.

In situ X-ray diffraction observation was done for neutron-irradiated and un-irradiated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples with synchrotron radiation to clarify the effect of irradiation-induced defects on the transformation to diamond under high-pressure and high-temperature treatment. At 16 GPa, no remarkable change appeared for the irradiated HOPG with increasing the temperature up to 800 °C. At temperatures of 1200 °C and 1400 °C, hexagonal diamond was formed, along with the formation of cubic diamond. This is probably due to annealing of the irradiation defects that led to partial restoration of the structure to the original HOPG and then enables the formation. On the other hand, in un-irradiated HOPG, hexagonal diamond was formed at 400 °C, which changed to cubic diamond at 1200 °C or higher. We guess that irradiation defects promote the nucleation of cubic diamond in the irradiated sample and then contribute to the formation of isotropic polycrystalline diamond or amorphous diamond.