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  2. Yoshihiro SAWADA

Yoshihiro SAWADA

  (澤田 佳宏)

Profile Information

Affiliation
准教授, 大学院 緑環境景観マネジメント研究科, 兵庫県立大学
兵庫県立淡路景観園芸学校
Degree
博士（農学）(Mar, 2006, 岐阜大学)
J-GLOBAL ID
202001021056472839
researchmap Member ID
R000000750

Research Interests

 3

Research Areas

 2

Research History

 5

Education

 3

Papers

 25
  • Ryo Furumoto, Masato Ohtani, Naoko Sashimura, Yoshihiro Sawada, Masashi Yokogawa
    Bulletin the Osaka Museum of Natural History, 73(73) 7-11, Mar, 2019  Peer-reviewed
    To determine the population status of Apocynum venetum var. basikurumon, we counted the numbers of shoots, flowers, fruits, and observed body structures at a site in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. We established 27 quadrats（ 1 m2） in which we observed 341 terrestrial shoots. Habitats were categorized as“ tuff ”,“ soil ”, “protected slope ”, and“ shingle beach ”. The numbers of shoots and the proportions of flowering shoots were not significantly different among habitats. No fruits were found in any habitats. Rhizomes extended outward 14–20 cm under the ground surface, and bore many branches. This population was supposed to be maintained by clonal growth, rather than by seed production.
  • Naoko Sashimura, Masato Ohtani, Ryo Furumoto, Masashi Yokogawa, Yoshihiro Sawada
    Vegetation Science, 35(1) 1-19, 2018  Peer-reviewed
  • Vegetation science, 34(2) 87-102, 2017  Peer-reviewed
  • UEDA Moeko, HATTORI Tamotsu, SAWADA Yoshihiro, KAMIHOGI Akiharu
    Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture, 78(5) 659-662, 2015  
    On beaches, there is generally the vegetational zonation distributed into five zones in order of drift line communities, dune grasslands, dune dwarf shrubs, dune scrub and dune forest in the direction from shoreline toward inland. In the warm-temperate zone between the central Honshu and Kyusyu, Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) forests are commonly deployed in zones of dune scrub and dune forest. Because most Japanese black pine forests are planted by artificial means, other plant communities originally existed in the distribution areas of those forests. In this study, we investigated the distribution of dune scrub that remains on the beaches. The results show that Quercus phillyraeoides communities are recognized as dune scrub. Species composition of Quercus phillyraeoides communities on beaches was similar to those on rocky seashores, where Quercus phillyraeoides communities are commonly distributed. It is suggested that Pittosporo-Quercetum phillyraeoidis is one of the natural vegetation in distribution areas of Japanese black pine forests on beaches between Izu Peninsula and Tanegashima Island.
  • Takuo Kanamaru, Yoshihiro Sawada, Satoshi Yamamoto, Michiro Fujihara, Toru Umehara
    Journal of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology, 40(3) 437-445, 2015  Peer-reviewedCorresponding author
    Myriophyllum aquaticum is an invasive alien aquatic plant and causes many problems such as water pollution, elimination of native plants, and obstructs water ways. To prevent these problems, suppression of M. aquaticum has been often implemented by local governments and/or NPOs. However M. aquaticum regenerate rapidly and suppression is not effective. In this study, to establish a method for eradicating M. aquaticum, vegetation and population surveys and test extermination were carried out in the field, and shading experiment took place in the laboratory. M. aquaticum covered the whole of the pond, but it rooted only on the shallow area near the waterside. During the laboratory shading experiment, M. aquaticum individuals survived the darkness for 158 days, but the length of M. aquaticum stems decreased through that period. It suggests that shorter fragments of M. aquaticum can die by short periods of darkness. At test extermination in the field, M. aquaticum did not regenerate after shading treatment with soil removed. Most fragments of M. aquaticum were removed with soil, and remnants of fragments were killed by the long darkness period. Exterminating M. aquaticum might be possible by using shading together with removing soil.
  • KAKU Miyuki, FUJIHARA Michiro, OYABU Takashi, SAWADA Yoshihiro, YAMAMOTO Satoshi
    Papers on Environmental Information Science, 28 19-24, Dec, 2014  Peer-reviewed
    In order to prevent the expansion of bamboo forests, possibility of sustainable use of column for fuel and management of bamboo forests on the basis of the estimation of weight and volume of bamboo culm was investigated. The column density, raw weight, dry weight, apparent culm volume and culm volume was 10,460 ha-1, 247.3t ha-1, 120.5t ha-1, 563.3 m3 ha-1 and 234.2 m3 ha-1, respectively. The dry weight of culm in Awaji Island was estimated to be 320,599 t. The culm volume recovered in eight years after having felled the bamboo by 50% density. The amount of culm consumption was 2.0t/year when the boiler was used twice a week. It seems that the selective cutting of intervals of 8 year seems to lead the sustainable use and management of bamboo forests.
  • UEDA Moeko, HATTORI Tamotsu, SAWADA Yoshihiro, KAMIHOGI Akiharu
    Landscape Research Japan Online, 77(5) 587-592, 2014  Peer-reviewed
    It is known that scrub forests such as Hibiscus hamabo community develop around salt marshes in the warm-temperate zone of Japan, but natural forests in the hinterland are still insufficiently known. In this study, we examined species composition, distribution of vegetation and land use on six sites, where scrub forests and natural forests remain. The results shows that Pittosporo-Quercetum phillyraeoidis and Cyrtomio-Litseetum japonicae were recognized as natural forests in the hinterland. It is suggested that these forests remained because the sites received little impact from human activities, or that the black pine forest transitioned to these forests. It might be important in conservation and landscape planning of the salt marsh that natural forests in the hinterland such as Quercus phillyraeoides community and Litsea japonica community are taken into account.
  • Hikobia, 16(3) 403-412, 2013  Peer-reviewed
  • Journal of Rural Planning Association, 30 255-260, Nov, 2011  Peer-reviewedCorresponding author
  • Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology, 15(2) 219-229, 2010  Peer-reviewed
  • MATSUMURA Toshikazu, SAWADA Yoshihiro
    Vegetation science, 26(2) 103-110, 2009  Peer-reviewed
    The demography of the epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus japonicus was investigated in a Cryptomeria japonica artificial forest disturbed by a windstorm in Asago City, which is in the northern region of Hyogo Prefecture. The number of leaf sheaths and number of fruits that each individual was currently bearing or had borne in the past were recorded. The demography of S. japonicus was assessed on the basis of the survival and reproduction rates by using a transition matrix. We studied 1335 individuals; the maximum number of leaf sheaths per individual was 53; 70 individuals were currently bearing fruits; and the minimum number of leaf sheaths for individuals that were currently bearing or had borne fruits in the past was 10. The number of fruits per individual did not exceed 4, and the mean number of fruits per individual was 1.56. We estimated the survival curve and reproduction rate assuming four conditions: (1) an individual grows 2.5 new leaves per year, (2) the number of fruits and mean establishment rate remain constant, (3) the seed input from and output to the outside of the population are balanced, and (4) the seeds are not dormant for more than one year. The survival rates were estimated by assuming that the individuals in each sheath class were exponentially distributed. These rates were calculated separately for small and large individuals; individuals were classified as small or large on the basis of a cutoff point for the number of leaf sheaths so that the sum of squared residuals was minimized. This cutoff number of leaf sheaths was eight, and the survival rates thus estimated were 0.8161 (L≤8) and 0.9131 (L>8), where L represents the number of leaf sheaths. The reproduction rate was calculated by multiplying the number of fruits per individual by the mean establishment rate per fruit and dividing this product by 2.5 assumed number of leaves grown per year. The number of fruits borne by each individual with 10 or more sheaths was regressed against the number of leaf sheaths by using the generalized linear model with Poisson errors and log link. Thus, the equation for the regression model of the number of fruits per individual was F_L=exp(0.0484L-2.2043) (L≥10), where F_L is the number of fruits per individual with L number of leaf sheaths. The mean establishment rate per fruit was calculated by dividing the number of established individuals by the number of fruits. The total number of fruits was 109, and the number of established individuals was 490; thus, the number of established individuals per fruit was 4.5. The reproduction rate was expressed as R_L=1.7994exp(0.0484L-2.2043) (L≥10), where R_L is the number of fruits per individual with L number of leaf sheaths. The finite rate of natural increase was thus determined to be 1.0235. We concluded that there may be an increase in the population of S. japonicus under the study conditions.
  • HATTORI Tamotsu, TOCHIMOTO Daisuke, MINAMIYAMA Noriko, HASHIMOTO Yoshinobu, SAWADA Yoshihiro, ISHIDA Hiroaki
    Vegetation science, 26(1) 49-61, 2009  Peer-reviewed
    The lucidophyllous forests on Mt. Ichibusayama (Kumamoto Pref.), Kawanaka (Miyazaki Pref.), Mt. Omoridake (Miyazaki Pref.), Mt. Kurinodake (Kagoshima Pref.) and Shiratani (Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Pref.), were studied in order to clarify the species composition of the vascular epiphytes of the lucidophyllous forest and the relationship between host tree size at breast height (DBH) and species richness of the vascular epiphytes (epiphytic richness) on each host tree. In these forests, a total of 586 host trees (45 species), including 84 Distylium racemosum, 66 Persea thunbergii, 60 Quercus acuta, and 376 others were chosen as sample trees. The vascular epiphytes on the host trees comprised 37 species, including Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, Bulbophyllum drymoglossum, and Davallia mariesii. The common characteristic of the vascular epiphytes flora of the lucidophyllous forest in Japan was the dominance of ferns and orchids. The species composition of the vascular epiphytes was compared among five localities. The vascular epiphytes were assorted into 8 species groups according to the summarized table of the frequency (%) of occurrence and mean coverage (%) of each species. The species composition of the vascular epiphytes in five localities was characterized by the combination of the species groups, respectively, and each locality had a different species combination. The species composition of Mt. Kurinodake was similar to that of Mt. Ichibusayama. The species composition of Kawanaka and Shiratani was different from each other. The ordination obtained by Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed that three groups (Kawanaka, Omoridake-Mt. Ichibusayama-Mt. Kurinodake and Shiratani) of host trees (stands) were clearly different from each other. The difference of species composition among the five localities was due to the climatic conditions of the localities. The species richness of the vascular epiphytes on each host tree in five localities or in seven host tree species had a high positive correlation with host tree DBH (cm), respectively. This relationship in five localities or in seven host tree species was expressed by the equation: y=ax+b (where y is the number of vascular epiphytes, x is the DBH (cm) of the host tree, and a and b are the constants). The constants of the five localities or seven host tree species are different, respectively, due to the precipitation and humidity of the localities or the properties of the host tree bark.
  • KURODA Asumo, SAWADA Yoshihiro, KODATE Seiji, HATTORI Tamotsu
    Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology, 14(1) 55-65, 2009  Peer-reviewed
    We investigated the species composition and structure of plantation forest understory with and without slope protection, with particular focus on the establishment of terrestrial pteridophytes. Both pteridophyte coverage and the number of pteridophyte species were higher in the understory with slope protection than in that without slope protection. The frequency of occurrence of several pteridophyte species was also higher with slope protection. Furthermore, the number of pteridophyte species per unit area was considerably higher in understory with slope protection than in that of neighboring secondary forests. Pteridophyte species included not only plants growing in open, sunny sites but also those growing in the forest interior. In contrast to pteridophytes, the species composition and structure of seed plants did not markedly differ between understory with slope protection and that without slope protection. Both types of understory contained high abundances of several species of greening/garden trees, alien tree species, and high-light herbaceous plants. These results suggest that forest understory with slope protection serves as suitable habitat for many pteridophytes, even in areas with edge effects. The potential factors promoting the establishment of pteridophytes in protected-slope understory include the improvement of soil water maintenance and the stair-like slopes formed as part of the protective function.
  • Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology, 13(1) 29-36, Jun, 2008  Peer-reviewedLead author
  • TOCHIMOTO Daisuke, HATTORI Tamotsu, IWAKIRI Koji, MINAMIYAMA Noriko, SAWADA Yoshihiro
    Vegetation Science, 25(1) 63-72, 2008  
    A lucidophyllous forest on Mt. Omoridake, Aya, Miyazaki Prefecture, was studied in order to clarify the relationship between host tree size (height and diameter at breast height [DBH]) and species richness of the epiphytes on each tree. In this forest, a total of 133 trees (14 species), including 44 Quercus acuta, 23 Distylium racemosum, 22 Persea thunbergii and 44 others, were chosen as sample trees. The epiphytes on the sample trees comprised 22 species, including Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, Lepisorus onoei, Bulbophyllum drymoglossum, and Davallia mariesii. The species richness of the epiphytes on each sample tree had a high positive correlation with tree DBH (cm). This relationship was expressed by the equation: y=0.11x-1.77 (where y is the number of epiphytes, and x is the DBH (cm) of the sample tree). Species composition and species richness of the epiphytes were compared between a highland lucidophyllous forest (Omoridake) and a lowland lucidophyllous forest (Kawanaka). The ordination obtained by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) by using all occurring epiphytes revealed that the epiphytes on the sample trees (stands) in the highland were clearly different those on the sample trees in the lowland. The lucidophyllous forest in the highland was characterized by the occurrence of L. onoei, D. mariesii, B. drymoglossum, and 9 other epiphyte species, while that in the lowland was characterized by the occurrence of Lepisorus thunbergianus, Neofinetia falcata, and 5 other species. Thus, there was significant difference in the species composition and species richness of the epiphytes between Omoridake and Kawanaka. Higher species richness of epiphytes in the highland forest appeared to the result of relatively higher air humidity at the high altitude.
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    9 1-8, 2008  Peer-reviewed
  • HASHIMOTO Yoshinobu, HATTORI Tamotsu, IWAKIRI Koji, TAMURA Kazuya, KURODA Asumo, SAWADA Yoshihiro
    Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology, 13(2) 151-160, 2008  Peer-reviewed
    Witches'- broom of bamboo, caused by the fungus Aciculosporium take (Cavicipitaceae), is the most destructive of bamboo diseases. We investigated disease incidence and bamboo damage resulting from the disease, particularly in Phyllostachys bambusoides and P. pubescens communities, in western Japan. Our investigation revealed that in 17 prefectures, 93.2% of P. bambusoides communities had the disease, and that in 10 of the prefectures several P. bambusoides communities were severely damaged. In contrast, only 3.9% of P. pubescens communities had the disease, and in six prefectures the disease had not infected P. pubescens communities. However, in a supplementary investigation, we found numerous infected P. pubescens communities in the Shizuoka Prefecture in central Japan, but few of these communities were heavily damaged. These results indicated that the number of P. bambusoides communities killed by witches' broom of bamboo may increase in the near future throughout western Japan, and that the disease rarely kills P. pubescens communities.
  • ISHIDA Hiroaki, HATTORI Tamotsu, KODATE Seiji, KURODA Asumo, SAWADA Yoshihiro, MATSUMURA Toshikazu, FUJIKI Daisuke
    Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology, 13(2) 137-150, 2008  Peer-reviewed
    In areas with high sika deer density the loss of regenerated vegetation at previously deforested sites, due to herbivory, is a serious problem. However, there are plant species with anti-herbivory strategies, such as Hypolepis punctata, that form a relatively large community at deforested sites under severe feeding pressure by sika deer. This suggests that planting H. punctata may be effective in improving the revegetation of such places. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of revegetation using H. punctata, we investigated stands of the H. punctata community and areas of bare ground at deforested sites in the southern part of Awaji Island in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We also investigated secondary forests in the vicinity of the deforested sites. The stands of the H. punctata community were similar to the secondary forests with regards to soil depth and soil chemistry. Soil erosion was clearly observed at the bare ground sites. The number of forest species per 25m^2 was higher in the stands of the H. punctata community than in the secondary forests. Comparison of species composition between the three types of site showed that most species found in the secondary forests were also present in the stands of the H. punctata community. These results suggest that the H. punctata community has a high capacity to reduce erosion and maintain forest species richness. Thus, we concluded that H. punctata is a useful species for the revegetation of deforested sites that are under severe feeding pressure by sika deer.
  • Michiro Fujihara, Takashi Oyabu, Yoshihiro Sawada, Yutaka Iwasaki, Satoshi Yamamoto
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Coastal Forest, 7(1) 25-30, Dec, 2007  Peer-reviewed
  • Michiro Fujihara, Yutaka Iwasaki, Takashi Oyabu, Yoshihiro Sawada
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Coastal Forest, 6(2) 19-22, Jun, 2007  Peer-reviewed
  • Tamotsu Hattori, Noriko Minamiyama, Yoshihiro Sawada, Asumo Kuroda
    Humans and Nature, 17 1-11, 2007  Peer-reviewed
  • Papers on environmental information science, 20 71-76, 2006  Peer-reviewedLead author
  • Yoshihiro Sawada, Satoshi Tsuda
    Vegetation science, 22(2) 135-146, Dec, 2005  Peer-reviewedLead author
    Seed germination and burial experiments over more than 12 months were carried out in the field to reveal the potential for persistent seed bank formation in 14 plant species (11 native species and 3 alien species) which are dominant and/or characteristic species of coastal sand dunes in the warm temperate zone in Japan. Results of the seed germination experiment, in which seeds were sown at depths of 0cm and 5cm, suggested that Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Wedelia prostrata, Carex kobomugi, Carex pumila, Fimbristylis sericea, Oenothera laciniata, Diodia teres and Lolium rigidum could form persistent seed banks close to the sand surface, but that Ixeris repens, Ischaemum anthephoroides and Zoysia macrostachya could not. Results of the seed burial experiment, in which seeds were buried at a depth of 100cm over more than 12 months, suggested that all species could form persistent seed banks at that depth. Seed dormancy or quiescence at a burial depth of 100cm would be due to the soil temperature. The burial depth of 20-30cm would be enough to inhibit seed germination. At a zone where the sand accretion rate is high, most of the dispersed seeds would be buried deeply and would form persistent seed banks. In contrast, at a zone where the sand accretion rate is low, the possibility of seed bank formation would vary depending on the dormancy and germination characteristics of the species.
  • Yoshihiro Sawada, Satoshi Tsuda
    Vegetation science, 22(1) 53-61, Jun, 2005  Peer-reviewedLead author
    Thalassochory potential was investigated for fourteen plant species (eleven native species and three alien species), which were dominant and/or characteristic species of coastal sand dunes in the warm temperate zone in Japan. The buoyancy and the viability of their disseminules in sea water (simulated by 3.45% sodium chloride solution) were examined in a laboratory. Fruits of Fimbristylis sericea did not float in sodium chloride solution, suggesting that this species would not be dispersed by sea currents. Grains of Ischaemum anthephoroides and Zoysia macrostachya floated for about ten to twenty days, suggesting that these species would be capable of dispersion by sea currents for a short period. Fruits or seeds of the other native coastal plants, i.e. Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Ixeris repens, Wedelia prostrata, Carex kobomugi and Carex pumila, continued to float and remained in sodium chloride solution for at least two months, suggesting that they would have high potential for thalassochory. On the other hand, disseminules of three alien species, Oenothera laciniata, Diodia teres and Lolium rigidum, did not float in the solution, suggesting that these alien species would not be dispersed by sea currents. However, these alien species can also be distributed in inland habitats, and they can be dispersed from inland seed source to coastal sand dune areas. If fragmentation of coasts takes place artificially and disrupts the structure of meta populations, native coastal plants which have limited capacity for thalassochory will disappear, since their disseminules would not be able to migrate again following extinction of the local population.
  • Tamotsu Tattori, Yoshihiro Sawada, Seiji Kodate, Kayo Asami, Hiroaki Ishida
    Humans and Nature, 7 73-87, Oct, 1996  Peer-reviewed

Misc.

 15
  • 15(1) 7-13, Jun, 2016  
  • Yoshihiro Sawada
    66(3) 639-648, 2016  Peer-reviewedLead author
  • (17) 1-7, Dec, 2015  
  • Toshikazu Matsumura, Kei Uchida, Yoshihiro Sawada
    Vegetation science, 31(2) 193-218, Dec, 2014  Peer-reviewed
    Worldwide, field boundaries are one of the most important habitats for biodiversity. The diversity of these field boundaries is, however, rapidly declining as a consequence of land-use change. Semi-natural grassland on rice paddy field levees （Keihan or Aze in Japanese）, which is one of the types of field boundary that contains many grassland plants, is also under serious threat due to farmland consolidation and abandonment. The objectives of the present study are to review the relevant literature, to clarify the factors that affect biodiversity, to present conservation measures, and to suggest the direction of future studies. Before 1990, the vegetation on paddy levees had not been considered as a type of semi-natural grassland. Thereafter, however, the importance of traditional paddy fields as a habitat for biodiversity was indicated, and the detrimental effects of farmland consolidation and abandonment were reported. After 2000, numerous studies reported on topics such as conservation strategies, comparisons of biodiversity on the lowermost hillside slopes, and soil seed banks. Traditional terraced paddy fields play a significant role in the conservation of biodiversity, pest control, and environmental conservation, and are also of high cultural value. Hypotheses on the diversity of the grasslands on paddy levees differ according to scale. Large-scale hypothesis, such as those relating to historical factors, have not been well discussed. The vegetation on paddy field levees is affected by the surrounding grasslands, to which they are been historically closely related. Therefore, when attempting to determine the establishment of paddy levee flora, it is important to clarify the history of the paddy fields and their surrounding grasslands. In order to clarify the history of paddy fields, the following approaches can be adopted: researching historical data, surveys of the agricultural landscape, and analyses of pollen, plant opals, charcoal particles, and plant residues from archaeological sites. Vegetational studies, biogeography, and population genetics can also be of value in clarifying the establishment of paddy levee flora. The nature of the vegetation on paddy levees depends on various factors, including habitats, environmental conditions, and management regimes; however, the relationships between the vegetation and these various factors have yet to be clarified. The area of paddy fields is decreasing as a consequence of the abandonment of cultivation. The species richness of the vegetation on paddy levees is rapidly decreasing and its composition is rapidly changing. In order to improve the problems associated with abandonment, it is necessary to identify hotspots that include rare species, to increase the efficiency of cutting machines and methods, to obtain external assistance, and to introduce grazing. Farmland consolidation changes the vegetation of paddy levees. For the improvement of problems resulting from consolidation, the reuse of topsoil and establishment of seed sources are suggested, along with modification of the agricultural engineering of consolidation. Further measures for conservation include the sowing of seeds, transfer of seedcontaining hay, transfer of seed-containing soil, and removal of exotic plants in the consolidated fields. In future investigations, the compilation of a representative list of grassland species and a comparison of species richness will be necessary. It is also necessary to collect and analyze past information on paddy levee vegetation, to urgently investigate the present vegetation on paddy levees, to establish conservation strategies, and to conserve various semi-natural grasslands including paddy levees.
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    Journal of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology, 40(2) 352-364, 2014  Peer-reviewed
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