永嶺 仁美

BACKGROUND: In occupational health, the maintenance and promotion of workers' health, especially lifestyle motivation-based interventions, have gained considerable attention and are actively implemented. Motivational theories include self-determination theory, and some studies focus on healthy lifestyles. However, the effectiveness of health promotion interventions varies depending on the health awareness and motivation of the participants. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the processes by which workers are motivated to improve their health and to identify the need for and type of support according to their motivation. METHODS: Using a mixed-research design, an initial questionnaire survey of 94 employees (mean age = 40.97 ± 9.65) at a multicenter company in Japan, followed by semi-structured interviews with 16 employees (mean age = 40.13 ± 9.45) from the high- and low-motivation groups, were conducted. Multiple regression analysis followed by modified grounded theory-based analysis of the results of the first stage was used and the quantitative and qualitative results were integrated. RESULTS: In the first stage, autonomous motivation scores were predicted by the behavioral change stage and relatedness satisfaction/frustration. The second stage revealed that "the process of reflecting and managing one's own health while receiving support and feedback for maintaining and improving health" was the motivational process of workers. Result integration revealed that motivation increased through repeatedly escaping and adjusting to real problems and situational coping until the behavioral change. Despite interruptions during behavioral change, receiving feedback from others could increase motivation and continued behavioral change. CONCLUSION: Regardless of their level of motivation for health behaviors, workers indicated that support from others was essential. The nature of this support was found to range from providing information to offering feedback. Interventions individualized by the identified process could enable customized motivation-driven health guidance.

BACKGROUND: In the process of community building, it is important to create a place for multigenerational exchanges. To promote multigenerational exchanges in regional locations, it is essential to clarify whether such exchanges are related to government infrastructure, regional characteristics, and social capital, and how these exchanges contribute to community building. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with representatives from 455 Chiiki no Cha-no-Ma (literal translation "community living room," and hereafter "Cha-no-Ma") in Niigata City, Japan. Responses were received from 405 representatives (response rate: 89.0 %), and 401 agreed to participate (4 declined). The survey details included basic information (e.g., date each location was established, frequency of meetings, number of caretakers and participants, qualifications of the representative), activities reflecting local culture, a social capital scale, the effects of the Cha-no-Ma implemented by the representative (12 items), challenges for management (16 items), and the implementation of multigenerational exchanges. RESULTS: Most of the age groups that participated in the Cha-no-Ma were elderly, and multigenerational exchanges took place in 125 locations (31.5 %). Items that had a significant connection to the implementation of multigenerational exchanges were "Frequency of meetings" (p < 0.001) and "Activities reflecting local culture" (p = 0.026). Binomial logistic regression analysis indicated that a high frequency of meetings was associated with the implementation of multigenerational exchanges (Odds ratio = 3.839). There was a significantly higher ratio of implementation of multigenerational exchanges when the effects were a "connection with the region" (p = 0.006) and "conversations with different generations" (p = 0.004), and when the challenge was "no support from residents" (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Cha-no-Ma participation is low among young people. The following ideas can be considered in order to increase multigenerational exchanges in regional locations. These exchanges may be promoted by increasing the frequency of meetings with qualified personnel and by adding activities that reflect local culture, such as festivals and making local foods. This community-based study clearly indicates that implementing multigenerational exchanges is an important activity for community building because it is related to connection within the community.

本研究の目的は、小学生の保護者の食行動に関連する要因を理解し、保護者を対象とした健康的な生活習慣を支援するプログラムの示唆を得ることである。小学生378名の父親と母親を対象に食行動尺度(EBS)、生活習慣、健康意識、主観的健康感、一般向けヘルスリテラシー尺度(CCHL)の項目からなる質問紙調査を実施し、278家庭を分析対象とした。保護者の健康意識、父親のヘルスリテラシー、母親の適切な体重を維持する習慣と主観的健康感が食行動に関連する要因として抽出された。保護者の健康意識や父親のヘルスリテラシーの高さ、母親の適切な体重を維持する習慣や主観的健康感の高さは、良好な食行動の関連要因となることが示唆された。これらの結果は、同様の環境で生活を共にする子どもの食行動へも影響することが考えられる。子どもの生活習慣は保護者の影響を受けやすいことから、子どもの健康的な生活習慣を確立するためには、子どもだけでなく保護者に対する教育が必要である。保護者の健康を意識するきっかけを作り、父親ではヘルスリテラシーの向上、母親では適切な体重の維持や主観的健康感の改善に焦点を当てた教育を実施することは、保護者の食行動をより良い方向に導く可能性がある。(著者抄録)