研究者業績
基本情報
- 所属
- 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 宇宙科学研究所 宇宙機応用工学研究系 はやぶさ２プロジェクト 准教授
- 学位
- 理学博士(1989年3月 東京大学)
- 連絡先
- yoshikawa.makoto
jaxa.jp - J-GLOBAL ID
- 200901037361657011
- researchmap会員ID
- 1000304540
研究キーワード
6経歴
5-
2003年10月 - 現在
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1998年4月 - 2003年9月
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1991年4月 - 1998年3月
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1996年12月 - 1997年12月
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1989年4月 - 1991年3月
学歴
2-
1984年4月 - 1989年3月
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1980年4月 - 1984年3月
委員歴
9-
2020年10月 - 現在
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1994年4月 - 現在
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2013年1月 - 2015年3月
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2011年1月 - 2012年12月
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2009年 - 2011年
受賞
2-
2019年11月
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2018年12月
論文
260-
Meteoritics & Planetary Science 2024年4月Abstract Oxygen 3‐isotope ratios of magnetite and carbonates in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites provide important clues to understanding the evolution of the fluid in the asteroidal parent bodies. We conducted oxygen 3‐isotope analyses of magnetite, dolomite, and breunnerite in two sections of asteroid Ryugu returned samples, A0058 and C0002, using a secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). Magnetite was analyzed by using a lower primary ion energy that reduced instrumental biases due to the crystal orientation effect. We found two groups of magnetite data identified from the SIMS pit morphologies: (1) higher δ18O (from 3‰ to 7‰) and ∆17O (~2‰) with porous SIMS pits mostly from spherulitic magnetite, and (2) lower δ18O (~ −3‰) and variable ∆17O (0‰–2‰) mostly from euhedral magnetite. Dolomite and breunnerite analyses were conducted using multi‐collection Faraday cup detectors with precisions ≤0.3‰. The instrumental bias correction was applied based on carbonate compositions in two ways, using Fe and (Fe + Mn) contents, respectively, because Ryugu dolomite contains higher amounts of Mn than the terrestrial standard. Results of dolomite and breunnerite analyses show a narrow range of ∆17O; 0.0‰–0.3‰ for dolomite in A0058 and 0.2‰–0.8‰ for dolomite and breunnerite in C0002. The majority of breunnerite, including large ≥100 μm grains, show systematically lower δ18O (~21‰) than dolomite (25‰–30‰ and 23‰–27‰ depending on the instrumental bias corrections). The equilibrium temperatures between magnetite and dolomite from the coarse‐grained lithology in A0058 are calculated to be 51 ± 11°C and 78 ± 14°C, depending on the instrumental bias correction scheme for dolomite; a reliable temperature estimate would require a Mn‐bearing dolomite standard to evaluate the instrumental bias corrections, which is not currently available. These results indicate that the oxygen isotope ratios of aqueous fluids in the Ryugu parent asteroid were isotopically heterogeneous, either spatially, or temporary. Initial water ice accreted to the Ryugu parent body might have ∆17O > 2‰ that was melted and interacted with anhydrous solids with the initial ∆17O < 0‰. In the early stage of aqueous alteration, spherulitic magnetite and calcite formed from aqueous fluid with ∆17O ~ 2‰ that was produced by isotope exchange between water (∆17O > 2‰) and anhydrous solids (∆17O < 0‰). Dolomite and breunnerite, along with some magnetite, formed at the later stage of aqueous alteration under higher water‐to‐rock ratios where the oxygen isotope ratios were nearly at equilibrium between fluid and solid phases. Including literature data, δ18O of carbonates decreased in the order calcite, dolomite, and breunnerite, suggesting that the temperature of alteration might have increased with the degree of aqueous alteration.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics 2024年2月26日The JAXA Hayabusa2 mission returned well-preserved samples collected from the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu, providing unique non-terrestrially weathered samples from a known parent body. This work aims to provide a better understanding of the formation and evolution of primitive asteroidal matter by studying the fine scale association of organic matter and minerals in Ryugu samples. We characterized the samples by IR nanospectroscopy using the AFM-IR technique. This technique overcomes the diffraction limit (of several microns) of conventional infrared microspectroscopy (µ-FTIR). The samples were mapped in the mid-IR range at a lateral spatial resolution about a hundred times better than with µ-FTIR. This provided us with unique in situ access to the distribution of the different infrared signatures of organic components at the sub-micron scale present in the Ryugu whole-rock samples as well as to the characterization of the compositional variability of Ryugu in the insoluble organic matter (IOM) chemically extracted from the Ryugu samples. The AFM-IR maps of whole-rock particles and IOM residues from Ryugu samples were recorded with a lateral resolution of tens of nanometers. Spectra were recorded in the 1900-900 cm$^−1$ spectral range by AFM-IR (Icon-IR) for all samples, and additional spectra were recorded from 2700 to 4000 cm$^−1$ for one IOM sample by an optical photothermal IR (O-PTIR) technique using a mIRage$^ textregistered $ IR microscope. Organic matter is present in two forms in the whole-rock samples: as a diffuse phase intermixed with the phyllosilicate matrix and as individual organic nanoparticles. We identify the Ryugu organic nanoparticles as nanoglobule-like inclusions texturally resembling nanoglobules present in primitive meteorites. Using AFM-IR, we record for the first time the infrared spectra of Ryugu organic nanoparticles that clearly show enhanced carbonyl (C=O) and CH contributions with respect to the diffuse organic matter in Ryugu whole-rock and IOM residue.
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Nature Astronomy 8(2) 207-215 2024年2月Large amounts of nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium salts, may be stored in icy bodies and comets, but the transport of these nitrogen-bearing solids into the near-Earth region is not well understood. Here, we report the discovery of iron nitride on magnetite grains from the surface of the near-Earth C-type carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu, suggesting inorganic nitrogen fixation. Micrometeoroid impacts and solar wind irradiation may have caused the selective loss of volatile species from major iron-bearing minerals to form the metallic iron. Iron nitride is a product of nitridation of the iron metal by impacts of micrometeoroids that have higher nitrogen contents than the CI chondrites. The impactors are probably primitive materials with origins in the nitrogen-rich reservoirs in the outer Solar System. Our observation implies that the amount of nitrogen available for planetary formation and prebiotic reactions in the inner Solar System is greater than previously recognized.
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Meteoritics & Planetary Science 2024年1月31日Abstract Samples from asteroid Ryugu, brought back by asteroid explorer Hayabusa2, are important for investigating the origin and evolution of the solar system. Here, we report the elemental compositions of a 123‐mg Ryugu sample determined with a nondestructive muon elemental analysis method. This method is a powerful tool for determining bulk chemical composition, including light elements such as C, N, and O. From the muonic x‐ray spectra with three carbonaceous chondrites, the relationship between the elemental composition and muonic x‐ray intensity was determined for each element. Calibration curves showed linearity, and the elemental composition of Ryugu was quantitatively determined. The results reflect the average bulk elemental composition of asteroid Ryugu owing to the large amount of samples. Ryugu has an elemental composition similar to that of Orgueil (CI1) and should be classified as CI1. However, the O/Si ratio of Ryugu is 25% lower than that of Orgueil, indicating that Orgueil may have been seriously contaminated by terrestrial materials after its fall to Earth. These results indicate that the Ryugu sample is more representative than the CI chondrites as a solid material of the solar system.
MISC
498-
日本惑星科学会誌遊星人 27(4) 320-327 2018年<p> 2018年11月，「はやぶさ２」のミッションは，その前半が終了した．2018年6月27日に目的地である小惑星リュウグウに到着し，リモートセンシングによる観測は一通り終了した．また，小型ローバMINERVA-II1と小型着陸機MASCOTをリュウグウ表面に降ろすことにも成功し，これらからのデータの取得もできた．ただし，サンプルを採取するためのタッチダウンは，2019年に延期となった．これは，リュウグウ表面の至る所に岩塊が存在しており，安全に着陸できる十分に広い場所が見つからなかったため，探査機のより高精度なナビゲーションが必要になったためである．ここでは，「はやぶさ２」の誕生の経緯からミッション前半までをまとめてみることにする．</p>
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天文月報 = The astronomical herald 110(10) 645-655 2017年10月
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Space Science Reviews 208(1-4) 375-400 2017年7月1日The MASCOT Camera (MasCam) is part of the Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) lander’s science payload. MASCOT has been launched to asteroid (162173) Ryugu onboard JAXA’s Hayabusa 2 asteroid sample return mission on Dec 3rd, 2014. It is scheduled to arrive at Ryugu in 2018, and return samples to Earth by 2020. MasCam was designed and built by DLR’s Institute of Planetary Research, together with Airbus-DS Germany. The scientific goals of the MasCam investigation are to provide ground truth for the orbiter’s remote sensing observations, provide context for measurements by the other lander instruments (radiometer, spectrometer and magnetometer), the orbiter sampling experiment, and characterize the geological context, compositional variations and physical properties of the surface (e.g. rock and regolith particle size distributions). During daytime, clear filter images will be acquired. During night, illumination of the dark surface is performed by an LED array, equipped with 4 × 36 monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) working in four spectral bands. Color imaging will allow the identification of spectrally distinct surface units. Continued imaging during the surface mission phase and the acquisition of image series at different sun angles over the course of an asteroid day will contribute to the physical characterization of the surface and also allow the investigation of time-dependent processes and to determine the photometric properties of the regolith. The MasCam observations, combined with the MASCOT hyperspectral microscope (MMEGA) and radiometer (MARA) thermal observations, will cover a wide range of observational scales and serve as a strong tie point between Hayabusa 2’s remote-sensing scales (10 –10 m) and sample scales (10 –10 m). The descent sequence and the close-up images will reveal the surface features over a broad range of scales, allowing an assessment of the surface’s diversity and close the gap between the orbital observations and those made by the in-situ measurements. The MasCam is mounted inside the lander slightly tilted, such that the center of its 54.8° square field-of-view is directed towards the surface at an angle of 22° with respect to the surface plane. This is to ensure that both the surface close to the lander and the horizon are observable. The camera optics is designed according to the Scheimpflug principle, thus that the entire scene along the camera’s depth of field (150 mm to infinity) is in focus. The camera utilizes a 1024 × 1024 pixel CMOS sensor sensitive in the 400–1000 nm wavelength range, peaking at 600–700 nm. Together with the f-16 optics, this yields a nominal ground resolution of 150 micron/px at 150 mm distance (diffraction limited). The camera flight model has undergone standard radiometric and geometric calibration both at the component and system (lander) level. MasCam relies on the use of wavelet compression to maximize data return within stringent mission downlink limits. All calibration and flight data products will be generated and archived in the Planetary Data System in PDS image format. 3 − 3 − 3 − 6
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宇宙航空研究開発機構特別資料 JAXA-SP-(Web) (16-011) 2017年
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日本物理学会誌 72(2) 98-104 2017年<p>1801年に最初の小惑星であるケレス（Ceres）が発見されてから200年余り経った現在，発見されている小惑星の数は70万個を超えた．探査機が接近した小惑星も10個ほどになり，地上観測では分からなかった小惑星のいろいろな特徴が見えてきた．また，日本の探査機「はやぶさ」によって，世界初の小惑星サンプルリターンも成功し，小惑星の表面物質の分析も進んでいる．このように急速に理解が進む小惑星について，ここでは探査機による探査の視点から紹介する．</p>
書籍等出版物
19講演・口頭発表等
32担当経験のある科目(授業)
8-
2019年4月 - 現在太陽と太陽系の科学 (放送大学)
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2011年4月 - 現在位置天文学・天体力学 (東京大学)
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2007年4月 - 現在宇宙科学 (玉川大学)
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2006年4月 - 現在宇宙システム工学特論 III (総合研究大学院大学)
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2006年 - 現在宇宙工学概論 (総合研究大学院大学)
共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題
15-
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 2023年4月 - 2026年3月
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日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B) 2018年4月 - 2021年3月
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日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C) 2016年4月 - 2019年3月
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日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 2003年 - 2006年
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日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 2003年 - 2005年
