Kazue Ichino Takahashi

<b>Objective.</b> The objective of this research is to analyze the environmental impact of printed matter using rice ink with the consideration of the impact of land use change and using reclaimed vegetable oil based on LCA method.<BR><b>Method.</b> Several scenarios changing the raw materials (soy oil, recycled oil, rice bran) have prepared and evaluated environmental impacts of printed matter. 1000 print for A4 size paper was adopted as functional unit. System boundary in this study covered manufacturing raw materials, mixture, making ink, pulp production, printing and transportation. Recycling paper and disposal of used paper were excluded from the scope. Primary data was collected for the process of making ink in this study. Impact assessment was also applied as well as inventory analysis. Damage assessment and weighting were applied so that potential environmental impacts of several impact categories can be compared. LIME2 was adopted to carry out LCIA. <BR><b>Results and Discussion.</b> A LCA of printed matter using soy ink and rice ink was carried out by using MiLCA software. With regard to the result of LCA for paper with ink, environmental impact of paper occupied the almost of total regardless of the types of ink. When we compared the environmental impacts between the inks, we found that environmental impact of rice ink was smaller than that of the other types of inks. Impact of land use for rice ink was smaller than the others, because allocated area for cultivating rice bran (co-product of polished rice) was estimated smaller. Furthermore, the use of reclaimed oil enables to decrease of land use impacts. On the other hand, environmental impact of soy ink is almost equal with that of conventional ink, because the land use area for cultivating soy beans are higher than that rice bran.<BR><b>Conclusions.</b> Using reclaimed oil and co-products for raw material are key points for the reduction of environmental impacts of inks. We found that rice oil taking the both advantages make possible to reduce environmental impacts to ecosystem.

2010年10月に名古屋で生物多様性条約第10回締約国会議（COP10）が開催され、生物多様性の損失要因に森林伐採等の自然環境の破壊や汚染が挙げられた。紙の主原料のパルプは森林を伐採して作られるため、環境負荷の中でも「生物多様性」や「一次生産」への影響が懸念されている。本研究では広く普及している紙製品として、約9800万部発行されている電話帳の評価を行い、「生物多様性」と「一次生産」の影響を定量的に算出した。

携帯電話、携帯音楽プレーヤーといった小型電子機器に含まれる貴金属、レアメタルを対象に、製品の資源使用量、及び使用済み製品中の資源蓄積量の推計を行うことにより、日本における動的マテリアルフロー分析を行った結果を発表する。また、その分析をもとにして、複数の製品の機能を1つの製品に集約することによる、資源消費の削減効果についての評価を発表する。

社会うるおい指標は，ICTサービスの社会影響を６つの項目で評価する指標である．これまでこの指標を用いてサービスを評価してきたが，それらは全て単独のサービスであった．実際に提供されるサービスは，複数のサービスからなることもある．このような多様なサービスを含むICTシステムでは按分や相乗効果など，新たな課題が予想される．そこで本研究では，ケーススタディを通じ，多様なサービスを含むICTシステムの評価における課題抽出とその解決法について検討を行った．

ICTサービスは，環境・社会問題の解決に寄与することが期待されている．しかし，ICTサービスには正負両面の効果があり，その効果を公平に評価する指標が必要である．そこで ICTサービスの導入による環境・社会・経済面の影響を定量的に評価することができる「社会うるおい指標」を考案した.この指標を用いて各種のICTサービスを評価し,ICTサービスのサステナブルデザインへのフィードバック方法を検討したのでその結果を報告する.

We have observed hindered rotation of C=O in a homogeneously aligned cell in SmC^* of a FLC compound by polarized FT-IR. Since this compound contains keto, ester, and lactic acid groups, three C=O stretching peaks are observed. They show different dependences on the polarization rotation angle, indicating that three C=O stretching direction have different hindered directions with respect to the molecular long axis. By comparing the obtained data with the simulated results, we have determined the degree of hindrance and the hindered direction.

The polymeric ferroelectric liquid crystals with two chiral groups, one on each side of the core, show large spontaneous polarization. We prepared ferroelectric liquid crystal copolymers containing the dichiral liquid crystal and a nonchiral liquid crystal. Copolymerization resulted in a chiral smectic C phase existing over a wide range of temperatures, including room temperature. Mixing the copolymers with low-molecular-weight liquid crystals further decreased the viscosity and improved the response time. The mixture responded to an electric field within a hundred milliseconds at room temperature.

Ferroelectric liquid crystals(FLCs) with an optically active alkanoyl group and a chiral group derived from lactic acid show very large spontaneous polarization (Ps) of over 1000 nC/cm^2. In order to further analyse the phase transition behavior of these FLCs, we performed IR analysis on a series of them. The FLC having the highest Ps showed an unusual behavior; that is, the IR absorption of the ketonc C=O stretching vibration shifted to a higher wavenumber at the isotropic to SmC^* phase transition, while those of the other FLCs shifted to lower wavenumber. The relationship between the molecular structure and the IR results will be discussed.