Rikuo Muramatsu

「協同をベースにした体験学習型授業によって学生の主体的な学修意欲を促すことができるのではないか」という仮説を検証した。具体的には，今までと同様の調査項目である「当該授業を受講することにより学生は満足を感じているのか（満足度評価）」、「協同効用認識（協同作業が効果的であるという肯定的な認識）が高まり、個人志向（一人で作業することを好む）傾向が低下しているのか（協同学習体験評価）」について授業の事前・事後調査を行い検討した。加えて、予習中・授業中・復習中における学習時間と思考時間の変化についても検討した。

環境人材を育成する際に重要な役割を果たすと期待されている高等教育機関としての大学が抱える問題点を整理し、高等教育機関における環境人材育成のあり方を展望した。

本研究は、評価者と評価対象との関わり方を左右する社会的文脈の違いが、光害に関する意識に及ぼす影響を把握することを目的とする。研究対象として、全国で最初に光害防止条例を制定し、光害に対しての問題意識が高いと考えられる岡山県美星町の住民と、住宅地で自発的にクリスマスイルミネーションを設置し、屋外照明に対する関心が高いと考えられる町田市三輪緑山の住民による光害に対する意識を把握し、特定の光害に対する社会的影響を受けていない一般の意識との差異を検討した。

This study aims enable light pollution to be compared with other major environmental issues by estimating the economic values of light pollution based on the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Furthermore, through reviewing the relationship between the economic values estimated by CVM, and the level of the subject's environmental consciousness and environmental friendly behaviors, this study attempts to precisely understand people's consciousness of light pollution. © 2004, The Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

本研究では、教育学や心理学で有効性が高い役割体験学習がまちづくりの評価に与える影響を明らかにする。実験では、役割体験の後にまちづくり方針に関する集団討議を行なった場合と、役割体験を行なわずまちづくり方針に関する集団討議を行なった場合を設定し、それぞれの前後において、まちづくり方針に関する評価を測定した。その結果、個人別の前後の評価の推移を検討すると、役割体験学習は人の意識に大きな影響を与えることが把握され、個人間で前後の評価の分散を検討すると、評価の分散が小さくなることが明らかになった。この知見から、役割体験学習は、相互理解や期共有化を促進させ、評価に違いによって生じる衝突を解消することが可能である。（共同研究につき本人分担部分抽出不可能）

The purpose of this study is to clarify effects of lighting and the existence of a stranger on conversational sound levels. The first experiment was to let subjects estimate the sound level from photo stimuli and then the second was to measure conversational sound levels in the laboratory where experimental variables; three lighting conditions and the existence of a stranger were implemented. It was shown that the conversational sound level was higher in the highly illuminated areas (e.g. general lighting) more than in the areas where there was low illunination (e.g. candle lighting). The results in the localized lighting (e.g. spot lighting) depended on the score of the Locus of Control scale. The subjects who were internally controlled tended to speak more loudly than the subjects who were externally controlled. As a whole, the existence of a stranger made the conversational sound level lower with the exception of the subjects who were internally controlled in the localized lighting.

In this study, evaluation of the lighting environment in offices, which consists of various attributes that are trade-offs, is conducted using the Conjoint Analysis, common in the field of marketing research. The attributes are illuminance, lighting distribution, glare, design, cost, usage of daylight, and recycling (229 subjects participated.) As a result, preferences of office lighting were quantitatively externalized. In other words, partworth utilities and importance levels of attributes for office lighting displayed general characteristics of all subjects. Moreover, a method of research by grouping the subjects according to the importance levels of attributes or according to their characteristics is proved to be valuable for better understanding the preferences of office lighting.

The economic value of light pollution was evaluated using the contingent valuation method as the basis of a survey by questionnaire of residents of urban areas. Comparison of the evaluated value with the subjects' enviroonmental consciousness in general and their envirnmentally friendly behaviors in daily life suggested valuable methods for deeply understanding consciousness of light pollution.

This study examined to know how the function of house exterior lighting, especially gate lighting, entry way lighting and ornament lighting, for the evaluation of lighting environment on the nighttime residential streets. An experiment using a real residential street, where people actually live, was carried out. The results suggested that the evaluation of lighting environment can be improved not only by the amount of light but by the light fittings attached on the gate or at the entry way or on the hedge belonging to private property. Copyright (c) 2007 The Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan.

Our study evaluated the lighting environments in offices, including the trade-offs between various attributes. Conjoint analysis, common in the field of market research, was used to evaluate these trade-offs. The attributes were illuminance, light distribution, glare, design, cost, usage of natural lighting, and recycling (229 subjects participated). Consequently, the concept of office-lighting preferences can be understood quantitatively. That is, part-worth utilities and attribute importance for all subjects showed the general characteristics of office-lighting preferences. Moreover, comparing groups of subjects according to attribute importance or the subjects' characteristics suggested valuable methods for understanding office-lighting preferences in depth.

This study examined to know how the function of house exterior lighting, especially gate lighting, porch lighting and ornament lighting, for the evaluation of lighting environment on the nighttime residential streets. An experiment using a real residential street, where people actually live, was carried out. The results suggested that the evaluation of lighting environment can be improved not only by the amount of light but by the light fittings attached on the gate or at the porch or on the hedge. Moreover, house exterior lighting can indicate the personality of the owner.

Streets are not space only for people to walk on. Especially, streets in commercial areas can be regarded as a place for many people to behave in various ways. Physical features of streets affect what people do on streets and how they do them. And existence of others may affect their behaviors, too. Also, what kind of behaviors people take affects the relationship with the street. It is, therefore, assumed that people's behaviors determine how they perceive the street. This study examines the factors which affect people's behaviors in various ways. At the same time, it also considers how streets appear to people depending on their kind of behaviors. At first, an evaluation experiment was done by showing picture of streets as stimuli. Factors in the experiment were width of the street, whether trees are planted or not, number of walkers and those who are staying, etc. As a result, it was found out that susceptibility of people's behaviors were strongly related to existence of others. However, this relationship was found to be dependent on the kinds of street; that is, in some cases existence of others disturbs their behaviors. Next, an experiment was done in which subjects actually behaved on some streets. As a result, it was found that 'suitability for human behaviors' depended on their attitude to perceive and behave on the street.

グローバル化の進展に伴い成立した移動社会における地球環境問題の認知の遠近性（地球環境問題の認知の遠近性とは、同一の地球環境問題が大きな地理的な次元への影響を過大評価し、小さな地理的な次元に関しては過小評価して認知する傾向）について検討した。その結果、グローバル化の進展により移動した文脈において、触知性が高い問題に関しては環境問題の認知の遠近性が減少するが、一方、触知性が低い問題に関しては環境問題の認知の遠近性が拡大するとの知見を得た。

The study investigated the correlation between the subjective glare rating and the Unified Glare Rating (UGR). Experiments and analyses were carried out. The results showed that there was a good correlation between the subjective glare rating and the UGR glare indices, but that the subjective glare ratings were always a few units lower than the UGR glare indices. The reason for the difference between them may be that simply ‘adding up’ the glare sensation is not an appropriate way to evaluate discomfort glare. Finally, a method is proposed for modification concerning the additivity of discomfort glare. © 1996, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

国際照明委員会で提案された新しい不快グレアの評価式UGRの問題点を明らかにした。（共同研究につき本人分担部分抽出不可能）