yoshiko kita

<p>Relationships between infants and their caregivers start to develop from birth, and a wholesome attachment between them is nurtured by the care provided through communication. Recently, such care is regarded to be based on intersubjective communication which shares emotions between the child and the caregiver, and the quality of its communicative musicality. In the case of children with hearing impairments, it is crucial for them to recognize the emotions of both themselves and others and to establish a solid attachment with their caregivers, in order for them to acquire functional language and desirable sociality later in their lives. From this perspective, this paper analyzed clinical scenes of a speech, language, and hearing therapist and examined and defined the necessary intersubjective communication support for children with hearing impairments and their caregivers. It is desirable to establish a methodology for speech, language, and hearing therapists to support caregivers in formulating their care for children with hearing impairments.</p>

We compared the results of the speech-reading test in 4 persons with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and 20 persons with normal hearing. We interviewed the persons with UHL regarding speech-reading usage and coping with hearing difficulties. The persons with UHL were asked to evaluate the difficulties in their daily lives themselves. In the results of the speech-reading test, there were no differences in the scores between the persons with UHL and those with normal hearing. According to the interview, there were differences among the individuals with UHL in the speech-reading skills and usages and in coping with their hearing difficulties. Individuals with poor speech-reading skills did not routinely use speech-reading, dealt with their hearing difficulties negatively, and assigned themselves poor scores for their difficulties in conversation. Based on the above findings, we conclude that it is necessary to provide guidance, tailored to each case, to individuals with UHL to cope with their hearing difficulties.

9歳右利き女児.モヤモヤ病術後に脳梗塞を起こし,失語症が出現した.失語症発症後約8〜10ヵ月時に行った呼称,復唱,逆唱,仮名音読課題の反応を認知神経心理学的に分析し,成人失語症と比較した.病巣は左縁上回,角回を含む下頭頂小葉にみられた.呼称,復唱,仮名音読の各モダイリティはほぼ同様の傾向で,音韻性誤反応の出現率は実存語-呼称が10.0%,実存語-仮名音読が13.3%,非語-復唱が20.0%,非語-仮名音読が23.3%であった.非語30語の仮名音読では,2語に語彙化が観察された.同年齢の健常児よりも非語復唱の正解率は低く,Rapid Automatized Namingや実存語逆唱の反応時間は遅かった.成人伝導失語症例と比べると,自己修正の単位,発話を中断した位置,母音の誤り方が類似していた.子音の誤り方は転置の割合が大きかった.症例に語音認知障害はなく,聴覚的理解力障害も軽微で,音韻処理機能に障害がある小児の伝導失語と思われた

計4回からなる言語聴覚療法を行う「ことば・コニュニケーション外来」を受診した140名の自閉症スペクトラム児の実態調査を行った.男児107名,女児33名で,平均54ヵ月であった.最も多かったのは4歳から4歳半で35名であった.平均発達指数は54で,最も多いのは50〜60と中等度の遅滞を示す者であった.患児の住所地は埼玉県内36市町村,県外3町であった.なんらかの形で地域における療育た発達支援を受けられている児は88名であった.地域支援が受けられず普通幼稚園・保育園にのみ通園している児や民間の指導教室やクリニックなどを利用している児などは52名であった.発達指数が低い児は地域支援を受けている例が多く,高い児では地域支援を受けていない例が多かった

We investigated changes in the error patterns of picture naming in a girl with acquired childhood aphasia (ACA) who manifested neologisms and paraphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a lesion in the left posterior hemisphere resulting from cerebrovascular disease. In the naming task of both the standard language test of aphasia (SLTA) and Suzuki picture cards, the ratios of neologisms and paraphasia decreased during the chronic stage of ACA. These results suggest that semantic information processing and retrieval of word sounds improved in this patient. Reports on neologisms and paraphasia in ACA are rare. It had been assumed that neologisms are observed only during the acute stage, and this characteristic of neologisms seemed to be associated with head injuries. However, in our case the aphasia was caused by cerebrovascular disease, and neologisms were observed even one year after onset.These findings suggest that in ACA as well as in adult aphasia, neologisms are observed in patients with cerebrovascular disease and remain even during the chronic stage. In our ACA patient, who speaks fluently, the lesion was localized in the posterior of the left hemisphere. Therefore, it seems that the correlation between the location of the lesion and speech fluency in adult aphasia is applicable even in ACA.

言語聴覚士の役割は,様々なことばの障害をもつ子供達に対する言語治療を行い,コミュニケーションが円滑になるように支援してゆくことである.埼玉県小児医療センターに言語聴覚士による外来開設されて以来11年間に言語指導及び検査を行った患者を臨床統計としてまとめ,更に,言語聴覚士の役割や他科との連携について考察し,小児専門医療機関における言語臨床のあり方を検討した