Nobuo Shirai

Individual behaviors of citizens are important for implementing the necessary measures for adapting to climate change. However, studies on the adaptive behaviors of ordinary citizens are limited. Therefore, in this study, we developed behavioral models to understand individual behaviors for adaption to and mitigation of climate change. We compared four behavior groups, namely, G1, individual mitigation; G2, individual adaptive; G3, long-term adaptive; and G4, solar-energy system installation behaviors. Following a questionnaire survey for the four behavioral groups, behavioral models were developed using structural equation modeling, which considered psychological factors along with selected attitudes, perceived effectiveness, norms, benefits, practicality, and intention. Furthermore, we considered the recognition and attribution of local climate change as key factors for adaptation behaviors toward local climate change. The behaviors of citizens in four prefectures in Japan, namely, Nagano, Tokyo, Saitama, and Kanagawa were considered. Among them, Nagano Prefecture, wherein the implementation of adaptation measures was at a low level while that of mitigation measures was at a high level, showed a differing trend. In the behavioral models, the recognition of local climate change directly affected the behavior of citizens in the individual adaptive behavior group. In both the individual adaptive and long-term adaptive behavior groups, the impact of benefits was substantial, with significant differences across local areas. Thus, effective adaptation strategies might involve tangible and familiar examples demonstrating the consequences of behavior, thus enhancing citizens' behavior evaluation perception and fostering its acceptance as a desirable behavior. Tailoring adaptation strategies to specific local contexts might also be necessity. To encourage citizens to adapt to climate change and its impacts, we propose two-way efforts, instead of providing one-way information, by supporting citizens to think about self-help and mutual help effectively. Our study can serve as a reference for future studies focusing on citizen behavior about climate change mitigation and enhance their adaptation for locally implemented strategies.

A social science approach is needed in addition to a natural science approach when assessing the impact of climate change on a region and examining adaptation measures. A social science approach is needed in addition to a natural science approach for four reasons: (1) an overall elucidation of the impact including socioeconomic aspects, (2) an impact assessment from the perspective of the vulnerable, (3) an examination of structural adaptation measures, (4) to complement and strengthen the participation and learning of residents and businesses. To show the effectiveness of a social science approach, this paper summarizes research findings using the social science approach, and reports on two studies. One is action research on adaptation measures for Ichida persimmon in Takamori Town, Nagano Prefecture. The other is a study on the impact of climate change on the fishing industry in the Hinase district of Bizen City, Okayama Prefecture. These two studies include interviews and questionnaire surveys of climate change-affected producers to clarify the climate change impact structure that reflects the special circumstances of the region. In addition, the studies suggest the possibility of regional adaptation measures to be taken to improve the management structure of producers.

<p>In this research, awareness questionnaire surveys of residents in Iida City and Konan City were conducted to analyze the expectations and evaluations of the situation regarding the structural regeneration of regional communities through renewable energy, and to clarify the situation and intention regarding the choices of participation in renewable energy.The survey findings were as follows. </p><p>(1) The expectations regarding structural regeneration of regional communities through renewable energy among residents in both cities were higher than the national average. In the evaluations of the situation, although the evaluations of participation by the stakeholders were comparatively high, the evaluations of others were not so high.</p><p>(2) The intention to support renewable energy was high in both cities; however, the intention to participate in renewable energy was not high. Although the installations of photovoltaic power generation systems and low-energy houses were active, civic investment and purchase of renewable energy, as well as participation in the planning process and civic activities, were not so high.The results showed there was still room for improvement in both cities and that the local governments in the two cities should encourage participation by residents in renewable energy.</p>

<p>  "Jimoto-gaku" is the method of building the climate change adaptation community, stating from the research of the impact cases of climate change in the region.</p><p>  In this study, we analyzed the results of the practices of "Jimoto-gaku", which was conducted in 7 areas in Japan.</p><p>  The results are as follows;</p><p>(1)We could extract the impact cases and socio-economic factors by "Jimoto-gaku". The knowledges are useful to understand the construction of climate change impacts and consider the actions for climate change adaptation in the region. At the same time, the participation of residents in "Jimoto-gaku" could promote the resident's learning about climate change. The learning effects are sufficient for residents to recognize the local impacts of climate change.</p><p>(2)But, the impact cases and socio-economic factors extracted by "Jimoto-gaku" are not comprehensive, and the relevant scientific evidences are insufficient. The effects of "Jimoto-gaku" are insufficient for residents to build the behavior intention of adaptation and mitigation to climate change.</p><p>(3)To build continuous active learning and brush up the knowledges, we need to develop the formative process for climate change adaptation community.</p>

被災地（特に福島県）における再生可能エネルギーによる地域社会の構造的再生について、地域行政や市民活動等の取組み、地域住民の意識に関する既往資料を整理した。福島原発事故という望まない契機ではあったが、福島県は地域主導の再生可能エネルギー導入を進める国内先進地に変貌しつつある。特に、脱原発や脱中央集権という理念を強く打ち出した点、そして地域主導による市民共同発電事業を支援する仕組みを整備してきた点に、先進地としてのモデル性をみることができる。WEB モニター調査によれば、福島県の住民は、再生可能エネルギーによる地域社会の構造的再生として、「主体の自立共生」をより強く期待している。また、「再エネ電気の購入」や市民活動等への参加の実施意向が強い傾向にある。こうした期待や意向に応える今後の取組みが期待される。This report examines the activities of local governance and citizens, resident&#039;s awareness, which show the situation of the structural regeneration of regional communities through renewable energy in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Following the unfortunate accident of nuclear power plant, Fukushima prefecture is changing to become an advanced area of energy autonomy. In particular, we can see the advanced models in the strong concepts of the abandonment of nuclear power and de-centralized systems, and the forming of the support systems for civic power stations by local actors. The results of the questionnaire surveys show that the primary expectation for Fukushima&#039;s residents is citizens&#039; vitality. Fukushima&#039;s residents have a strong intention to conduct the purchase of renewable energy and the participation in renewable energy. Measures and actions in response to the expectation and intention of residents are expected.

As a planning method for adaptation to the uncertain impacts of climate change, we focused on “adaptive management.” We built a framework for the planning of adaptive management and conducted a case study to plan its adaption to rice crop damage under high temperatures in Saitama Prefecture. The focus of our ideas on adaptive management in climate change adaptation were: establishing alternative measures to counter future uncertain impacts; monitoring the impacts of climate change and effectiveness of adaptation measures; learning among stakeholders and information sharing; and feedback to science. It was emphasized in the study that the method of adaptive management was not the same as a simple “plan-do-check-act cycle.” We created two separate phases as the process of adaptive management: the planning phase, and the action phase. In this research, we conducted a trial of the planning phase and generated a concrete image of the plan of adaptive management in climate change adaptation. This planning method is effective in terms of its implication for climate change adaptation.

&nbsp;In this research, a questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the structure of consciousness in the choices of participation for renewable energy in Japan and Korea.<br>&nbsp;The results showed that in Japan, the intention to back-shift from nuclear energy and promote renewable energy became relatively stronger from before the Fukusihima nuclear plant accident to the present. However, people who demonstrate an intention to back-shift from nuclear power and promote renewable energy do not have a strong intention to participate in renewable energy. This phenomenon includes more women than men. An enhancement in participation choice for renewable energy is expected among people who demonstrate an intention to back-shift from nuclear power and promote renewable energy.<br>&nbsp;On the other hand, people who demonstrate a lesser intention to back-shift from nuclear and promote renewable energy have a strong intention to participate in renewable energy. It is assumed that these people have a strong consciousness of self-protection against risk following the Fukusihima nuclear accident.

&lt;p&gt;Large Renewable Energy (RE) stations made in local areas pose conflicts and divisions between regional subjects and stations. On the other hand, there are new possibilities to use RE through the full liberalization of retail electricity sales. In this situation, the regional subjects need setting the goal of RE installation. This research was conducted to build checklists for the goal of the structural regeneration of regional communities through RE. Case studies on Iida city and Konan city were conducted to make the checklists and to confirm effectiveness of the checklists. The theoretical framework to build the checklists concludes five elements: (1) Autonomy of Energy, (2) Dialogue and Networking, (3) Independence of the Regional Economy, (4) Fair/Equitable and Environmental Symbiosis, and (5) Conviviality. The characteristics of the checklists are following three points. (1) The checklists give weight to the structural regeneration of regional communities. (2) The checklists cover the all thing of target of region which include aspects that cannot be measured quantitatively. (3) The checklists are available not only to check and action, but also to guideline to first step.As a future task, it was necessary to conduct case studies on many regions, and to reify the checklists.&lt;/p&gt;

固定価格買取制度により再生可能エネルギーの導入が活発してきたが、その一方で住民関与や地域の社会・経済・環境面での効果の希薄さが危惧されている。また、2016年4月からは小売電力自由化等の新たな動きがある。こうした揺籃期にあって、地域主体は、再生可能エネルギーの導入によって、どのような地域づくりを目指すのか、そのための地域施策はどのようにあるべきかを検討することが必要となっている。このため、本研究は、既往研究を踏まえて、再生可能エネルギーの導入によって目指すべき地域社会の変革目標の理論的枠組みを設定した。さらに、その枠組みを用いて、市民共同発電事業の蓄積や再生可能エネルギー条例等を進めてきている長野県飯田市の取組みを分析し、理論的枠組みによる地域分析の有効性の確認までを行った。設定した理論的枠組みは、（1）エネルギーの自治、（2）対話とネットワーク、（3）地域経済の自立、（4）社会公正と環境共生、（5）地域主体の自立共生、の5つである。これらの変革目標は、従来の地域づくりの延長上にあるものでなく、今日の諸問題の根本にある「内なる危機」を解消する、価値規範や社会経済システムの転換を伴うものである。5つの変革目標を枠組みとして、飯田市の状況整理を行い、飯田市の先進性を明確に切り出すことができた。これにより、5つの変革目標を枠組みとした地域評価の有効性を示した。今後は、さらに多くの地域での事例調査を実施し、再生可能エネルギーによる地域社会の構造的再生の理論的枠組みの具体化や事例のアーカイブズの構築等を行うことが課題となる。Situational changes are occurring concerning Renewable Energy (RE). Large RE stations made in local areas pose conflicts and divisions between regional subjects and RE stations. On the other hand, there are new possibilities to use RE through the full liberalization of retail electricity sales. In a situation like this, we need goal setting by regional subjects. This research was conducted to build a theoretical framework for the structural regeneration of regional communities through RE. Subsequently, a case study on Iida city was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical framework. Iida is an environmentally advanced city that has pioneered the spread of photovoltaic power systems. Municipal ordinances for a sustainable community through the introduction of RE were enacted by the local government in Iida. The theoretical framework concludes five elements: A. Autonomy of Energy, B. Dialogue and Networking, C. Independence of the Regional Economy, D. Fair/Equitable and Environmental Symbiosis, and E. Conviviality. These targets of social transformation are not the extension of traditional regional construction, but are rather the transformation of the socio-economic system to solve the various problems. By using the theoretical framework, we could organize the situation in Iida and extract advanced points regarding the city. By this trial, it was shown that the theoretical framework was effective in community diagnosis. As a future task, it was necessary to conduct case studies on many regions, and to reify the theoretical framework. Eventually, we would like to build the archives of case studies of the structural regeneration of regional communities through RE.

<p>The elements of regional revitalization through renewable energy were set as follows: autonomy of energy, networking, independence of the regional economy, energy risk management, climate change mitigation, security/safety in emergencies, citizens' vitality. The questionnaire surveys in Japan and Korea were conducted to compare citizens' consciousness of the expectation to regional revitalization through renewable. The results showed that the primary expectation in Japan was energy risk management especially by females, and the respect toward the nature had an effect on the high expectation. The primary expectations in Korea were the development of regional economy and science technology.</p>

<p>Interview surveys to public research institutions regarding agricultural experiment was conducted. As the result of the analysis of the promotion and barrier factors on the research of climate change adaptation, it was revealed that reference factors (vertical, horizontal) and characteristic factors (innovation, carrier) was applied.</p><p>The unique issues pertaining to research on climate change adaptation are as follows; (1) the horizontal reference factors act upon the research, but the coordination of the cooperation between local areas by a national institute is more necessary, (2) the strategy of research on long-term impacts is necessary to promote the research, but the prediction in local area is not enough, and (3) the research on adaption in the transformation of the socio-economical system is expected, but the necessary of transformation is inadequately recognized by the researcher.</p><p>It is expected that the public research institutions play an important role in adaptation for the long-term impacts and the transformation of socio-economical system.</p>

<p>  In this study, a survey residents living in Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Nagano prefectures was conducted to deepen the knowledge required to develop educational programs on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The results are as follows: 1) The residents are becoming increasingly aware of the effects of climate change, and this awareness affects not only their adaptation behavior, but also their mitigation behavior. 2) Sufficient recognition of the causes of climate change affects mitigation behavior. An awareness of the effects of climate change on one's personal life affects current responses, and an awareness of the effects of climate change on regions affects long-term responses. 3) Regarding environmental consciousness, the perception to give priority to an action affects current responses, and respect towards nature affects both current responses and long-term responses. 4) Females, especially over 30 years of age, have a strong consciousness of giving priority to an action and have a strong awareness of the effects of climate change. Consequently, their behavior towards adaptation and mitigation is stronger.</p><p>  Based on these results, we consider implementing educational programs on climate change adaptation and mitigation. In particular, consideration is given to developing educational programs for females who are more sensitive to climate change.</p>

本研究では、社会経済システムの在り方や生活様式の見直しを具体化する活動として「トランジションタウン」に注目した。トランジションタウンは、①双子の危機（気候変動とピークオイル）、②レジリエンス、③リエコノミーとリローカリゼーションを基本理念とし、既存の都市をフィールドとした社会変革を志向する活動である。2006 年にイギリスで始められ、2008 年に日本に導入されたトランジションタウンは、全国各地で導入されている。藤野と浜松の活動主体へのインタビュー調査の結果、次の点が明らかになった。（1） 藤野と浜松の事例では、説明会を皮切りに、何をしたいかを話し合うワークショップにより活動が開始され、特色ある活動を展開し、地域に根付きつつある。（2） トランジションタウンの活動は、食・エネルギー・住・森林・教育・安全・経済・まちづくり・健康・精神・広報等、多岐の分野にわたる。これらの活動は、内容の新しさ、自由自在な多発性、アマチュアに留まらない専門性、という点で変革的である。（3） 藤野の地域通貨、浜松のフォレストガーデン等の活動は、コンヴイヴイアリテイ（自立共生）を具現化している。脱依存や創造性、自発性を重視する点で、環境配慮の普及に係る行政施策は学ぶべき点がある。（4） 域内での活動形成、一般への普及、地域間の普及において、専門的なノウハウやネットワークが活かされており、今後も活動が根づき、拡がりを示す可能性がある。In this study, we analyzed the &quot;transition town&quot;that shapes changes in the socio-economic systemand lifestyle. Transition town have concepts asfollows: ① twin crises, climate change, and peak oil; ② resilience; and ③ re-economy and re-localization. Transition town as a social movement change the system in existing cities. They were started in 2006, introduced to Japan in 2008, and eventually spread through the land. As a result of the interview survey of actors in Fujino and Hamamatsu, the following was revealed:(1) In Fujino and Hamamatsu, starting with an explanatory meeting, a workshop was held to talk about people&#039;s desired actions. The unique activities were started and are continuing. (2) The activities vary as follows: food, energy, housing, forestry, education, safety, economy, town management, health, spirituality, information, and so forth. They are unique andinnovative regarding the novelty of activities,the multiple generations on the land, and the specialty of skills. (3) The concepts of conviviality took shape through the &quot;local-money system&quot; in Fujino and the &quot;forest garden&quot; in Hamamatsu. They have many points to learn about, with an emphasis on dependency, creativity, andspontaneity. The environmental measures that are deadlocked impact the eco-lifestyle; we can learn from some of the activities. (4) They use know-how and networks in making activities in the region and in spreading these activities to the common people. The movements can spread in the region and the inter-region in the future.

A interview survey to four local governments which was advanced in climate change adaptation was conducted. As the result of the analysis of the promotion and barrier factors on the implementation of climate change adaptation, it was emerged that reference factors (vertical, horizontal) and characteristic factors (innovation, carrier) was applied to climate change adaptation.<BR>And the unique issues on the implementation of climate change adaptation was exsisted. The unique issues are as follows; (1) the vertical reference factors are not act upon the implementation for the lack of the national strategy and legal system, (2) the carrier characteristic factors are important as the promotion factors, (3) the innovation characteristic factors are important as the barriers factors.<BR>To make the smart implementation of climate change adaptation in local government, it is necessary that the role of local government is proposed in the national strategy and legal system. And the method of planning based on the uncertain prediction, and the local adaptation center which coordinate the science and policy at site are needed.

Building an adaptation strategy to put forward climate change adaptation in local governments is an important task. This study specifically describes examination of the following three points at issue: (1) relations between mitigation and adaptation; (2) crosscutting policy in the impact fields of climate change; and (3) necessity and concreteness of additional adaptation. Construction and verification of the theoretical framework were conducted for each point at issue.<BR>In comparison with messages related to adaptation policies publicized by the Ministry of Environment, this study emphasizes the following significant points: (1) mitigation and adaptation are defined as links to factors of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity); (2) three levels of climate change adaptation (protect, minimization of impacts, and transformation), improved sensitivity, and adaptive management for longterm impacts are proposed to emphasize the additional adaptation; (3) not only technology and methods but also adaptation measures are exemplified.<BR>As further works, the precision of adaptation measures for feasibility should be improved for local governments. Additionally, increased recognition and understanding of adaptation strategy of climate change adaptation from local governments are necessary, including the relations between mitigation and adaptation, and the necessity for incremental adaptation.

The effects of climate change are already being observed in the region. Action to mitigate climate change may be effected by increasing the awareness of the effects of climate change in people.<BR>In this study, a survey of Iida residents in Nagano Prefecture was conducted to determine the level of awareness of the effects of climate change, and the relation between this awareness and steps being taken for climate change mitigation/adaptation. This study also examined the factors that divide the mitigation priority type and the adaptation priority type.<BR>Our results indicate that the residents of Iida are becoming increasingly aware of the effects of climate change for approximately the past ten years, and that this awareness affects not only adaptation behavior directly but also mitigation behavior indirectly. Our results also show that the people who prioritize mitigation do not sufficiently recognize the effects of climate change, and that the people who prioritize adaptation do not sufficiently recognize the causes of climate change.<BR>Based on these results, we could consider implementing educational programs on climate change.

Iida City in Nagano Prefecture is a town with an advanced environmental strategy, such as being selected by the environmental model city (Japan). This paper, based on a questionnaire carried out in the city, examines how the regulatory structure related to the residents' environmental action differs with location.<BR>The results show that there are differences in the model of environmental action between the city area and the surrounding mountain areas. While in the city area, Bonding Social Capital determines environmental action rather than the amount of environmental information acquired. In contrast, in the surrounding mountain areas, the amount of environmental information acquired determines environmental action. In these outlying areas, although Bonding Social Capital is strong, Bridging Social Capital determines the extent of environmental information acquisition. For this reason, in the mountain areas, it is thought that Bridging Social Capital was raising the degree of acquisition of environmental information, and was raise the degree of environmental action. On the other hand, in the city area, it is thought that for the measure by the Iida administration, Bonding Social Capital is strong, and was raise the degree of environmental action.

In order to design the eco-point system, it is necessary to set the target of segment of residents which is expected to start the environmental conscious action, and to design it based on their needs. In this research, using a questionnaire of residents in Arakawa City, it was analyzed that the difference in the needs to the menu for getting eco-point and the menu for using eco-point, and the media to get the environmental information by segment of residents. The target of segment of residents was set from the viewpoints of the degree of influence to others, the degree of transmission easiness, and the degree of delay for the environment consideration. In the results, it was confirmed that the difference by the segment of residents was clear.エコポイント事業の設計においては、エコポイントによって環境配慮行動を実施して欲しい重点的な住民類型を設定し、そのニーズに応じた事業設計が必要である。本研究では、荒川区民のアンケート調査により、住民類型によるポイントの付与メニュー及び還元メニューへのニーズ、環境情報の入手媒体の相違を分析した。対象とする住民類型は、他主体への環境配慮の影響度、環境配慮に係る情報の伝達容易性、環境配慮の遅滞性の観点から設定した。この結果、住民類型による相違が明確であることが確認できた。

&nbsp;In this study, 15 domains which were subdivided from society, economy, and environment of sustainable development were put forward, and indicators of each domain were derived by applying three norms for sustainability: care for others, preparation for various risks, and vitality of stakeholders.<br>&nbsp;A WEB monitor survey using these indicators was conducted, the number of indicators for each domains were reduced to three on the basis of the degree of inner consistency, and 45 indicators were extracted in total.<br>&nbsp;As a result of the analysis using the created indicators, the followings were found.(1)The variable values about &ldquo;the regional sustainability&rdquo; tended to be high in the big cities, and the variable values about regional sustainability tended to be low in the small city or towns and villages. (2) &ldquo;Residents' happiness" depended on "the degree of relationship between residents and the area" as well as "regional sustainability&rdquo;. (3) The structure of "residents' happiness" changed with the size of population in the area, or residents' basic attributes.

<p>&emsp;Iida City in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, is an environmentally advanced municipality that describes itself an "environment-conscious city", including citizen participation in the town's environment plan, network of EMS (Environmental Management system) businesses, and citizen-owned power generation. In addition, Iida City is a town with advanced community center activities. </p><p>&emsp;In this research, we have studied the civic capacity for regional environmental action, the connection between community center activities and activities related to low carbon cities (esppecially citizen-owned power generation). We conducted a comprehensive analysis based on interviews with main actors, questionnaire surveys to public hall directores, and interviews with members of the local community.</p><p>&emsp;As a result of the analysis, the followings trends can be identified. </p><p>(1) The relationships between the administration sector and other sectors were formed through the accumulation of previous environmental measures. However the relationships between the community organization and other sectors were comparatively weak. </p><p>(2) The community center activities of Iida City had achieved the ideal as a community that valued the voluntarily activity by the residents; however, creating the common theme of global warming had only taken off after the middle of the 2000s. </p><p>(3) Two districts in Iida city invested in the citizen-owned power generation as a result of the accumulation of current environmental measures. There is a possibility that the civic capacity for regional environmental action can be further strengthened, if the connection of the community center activities and activities concerning low carbon cities is activated.</p>

住宅用環境イノベーションの種類による需要者の特性や普及要因等の相違を探るために、WEBモニターを用いたアンケート結果を用いた分析を行った。分析対象とした環境イノベーションは、太陽光発電、高効率給湯器、省エネ家電製品、エコ住宅、エコカーである。 この結果、複数の環境イノベーションの同時設置率は高いが、太陽光発電とエコカーの組み合わせについては同時設置率が相対的に高くないこと等が明らかになった。 また、設置者及び設置意向者の特性は、環境イノベーションのタイプによって異なり、特に省エネ家電製品やエコ住宅の設置意向者は地球温暖化に関する他者動向の感度が高く、地球温暖化に関する社会活動への参加度が高いことが明らかになった。一方、太陽光発電とエコカーの設置意向者は地球温暖化意識・行動との関係が弱いという結果であった。The questionnaire survey employing the WEB monitor were conducted in order to explore the difference of consumers characteristics and spread factors for the residential environmental innovations. The target residential environmental innovations were photovoltaics, efficient hotwater supply machines, energy-saving household appliances, eco-houses, eco-friendly cars. As a result of the analysis of questionanarie survey, the followings were clarified. The simultaneous installation rate of the environmental innovations were high on the whole, but the simultaneous installation rate of photovoltaics and an environment-friendly cars were not relatively high. And it became clear that consumers characteristics changed with types of the residential environmental innovations. Especially the consumers for energy-saving household appliance and eco-houses had the high sensitivity to the others trend of global warming and the high degree of participation to the social activities about global warming. On the other hand, the consumers for photovoltaics and environ-ment-friendly cars did not have the high degree of global warming consciousness and actiones.

This paper presents analysis of the characteristic of persons who have installed residential photovoltaic generation, and factors that led to install. Especially, we focused on the difference between the persons who had the installation intention but not installed yet and the persons who had already installed photovoltaic generation. The questionnaire surveys were conducted to compare both persons.<br>As a result of the analysis, the following were clarified.（1）The persons who had installed photovoltaic generation were shifting from an ardent demographic to a general one. This reason depends on measures for spread of photovoltaic generation having changed in the age.（2）The installation intention was related to the recognition of benefit of photovoltaic generation and the installation action was related to the recognition of cost burden of photovoltaic generation. The information on the Internet and books were extracted as factors that stimulated the recognition of cost burden. Government subsidies, information on the Internet, and communication among familiar persons were extracted as promotion factors that led to the installation action of photovoltaic generation.

The Analysis of the installation susidy of the residential photovoltaic in the local government and the analysis of the questionnaire survey that used the WEB monitor were conducted. As a result, the installation subsidy of local governments was executed by 61% of prefectures and 35% of the towns and villages, but these measures were not acknowledged enough by the resident. The installation intention of the photovoltaic generation was related to obligation fees of an initial investment, the amount of income by selling of electricity to a power company, and the estimation of installation intention. But, it was considered that the local government had to make efforts to the spread enlightenment. It was considered that the local government had better reduce the unit price of the installation subsidy, and use the subsidy for a lot of subjects.