Shono Saori

Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) levels in the serum of horses were measured (ponies, n = 15; thoroughbred, n = 31; other full-sized horses, n = 7). The mean d-ROM levels in horses were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those in dairy cattle (n = 25) and dogs (n = 31). However, d-ROM levels in horses were lower than the standard levels reported in humans. When d-ROM and BAP levels were plotted graphically, the points for horses with a disease (ringbone in 1 Japanese sports horse, cellulitis in 1 thoroughbred, melanoma in 1 Lipizzaner) fell outside the group of points for other (non-diseased) horses. A similar separation was seen (using data from other authors) for a horse with Rhodococcus equi, a horse following castration surgery, and a mare following delivery. These results, comparing horses, other animals, and humans, are interesting from the standpoint of comparative medicine, and they contribute to the sparse literature available on d-ROM and BAP levels in animals. Because the level of d-ROM and BAP levels were changed depending on the situation of health, those indexes are promising as indices of health in horses.

Insulin degludec (IDeg) is a new insulin formulation that facilitates long-term control of glucose level in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of IDeg on glycemic control in dogs. Its time-action profiles were monitored in healthy dogs using an artificial pancreas apparatus under euglycemic conditions. At 9.0-13.5 hr post-IDeg injection, an indistinct peak of glucose level was detected. Moreover, the action of IDeg was persistent for >20 hr. Both IDeg and neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH) lowered blood glucose concentrations in diabetic dogs, but IDeg caused postprandial hyperglycemia and a somewhat lower preprandial glucose level than that caused by NPH. IDeg might be ineffective in concurrently preventing postprandial hyperglycemia and preprandial hypoglycemia in a single-agent administration.

In humans, the rate of acetaminophen（APAP）absorption reflects the rate of gastric emptying. However, few studies have reported the use of the APAP method for evaluating gastric emptying in dogs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether a commercial APAP detection kit can measure serum APAP in healthy dogs. First, we evaluated the validity of this kit, measuring canine serum levels after the administration of APAP. Analytical evaluation of serum APAP concentrations indicated acceptable precision,with intra-assay coefficients of variation（CV）not exceeding the commonly accepted 10％limit. However,the inter-assay CV for serum APAP concentrations was 19.4％. A linear relationship was demonstrated with all dilutions tested, up to a 16-fold dilution. Next, to determine the detectable APAP dose using this kit, six healthy dogs were administered the experimental diet alone（0 mg（APAP）/kg（body weight））and the experimental diet with APAP added, at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. A significant increase was observed in serum APAP concentrations at a dose at 20 mg/kg, compared with doses of 0 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. In conclusion, an APAP detection kit is able to measure serum APAP concentrations in dogs and may be applicable to determine gastric emptying. Furthermore, the minimum detectable APAP dose in dogs is </tt><tt>approximately 20 mg/kg.</tt></p>

<p><tt>We compared the lipid metabolism in cats by feeding medium-chain triglycerides（MCT）using coconuts oil and long-chain triglycerides（LCT）（using lard and soybean oil）to investigate the effects of dietary MCT on glucose and lipid metabolism. We fed the control diet（low fat diet: 2.8 g of fat content/100 kcal）and control diet with 3 different sources of fat（coconuts oil, lard, and soybean oil）using 6 healthy cats. Each diet was fed for 14 days, and body weight, body fat and physical signs and blood examinations were evaluated. All diet can be fed during study period with no effect on dietary preference detected without any side effects. No significant differences were observed in body weight, body fat and physical signs during the study period. Furthermore, for blood examinations, serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid（NEFA）concentrations and plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide（GIP）and glucagon-like peptide 1（GLP-1）concentrations were measured. However, all serum and plasma blood test did not show any significant difference. There is a positive effect of MCT on lipid metabolism in human as an efficient energy source, however, further study with different amount of MCT and log-term study should reveal more information about the kinetics, body fat accumulati</tt><tt>on, and nutrient metabolism in cats. </tt></p>

Dietary therapy with dietary fiber is useful for human obesity and diabetic patients, since it induces delaying glucose absorption and preventing postprandial hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether two types of dietary fibers（beet pulp; soluble fiber＋insoluble fiber; cellulose; insoluble fiber）affect postprandial blood glucose metabolism parameter in healthy dogs. We used a commercial food as control diet（control diet; low fiber: 0.9g/100kcal）. Furthermore, 10％and 20％of beet pulp and cellulose were added to the control diet, respectively, as supplemented dietary fiber. The total additive dietary fiber amount was 10％（fiber: 3.5g/100kcal）and 20％（fiber: 6.1g/100kcal）respectively. When comparing amount of dietary fiber, 20％supplemented diet induced decreased postprandial blood insulin concentrations,non-esterified free fatty acid（NEFA）concentration and GIP concentration as compared to control diet. Furthermore, 20％supplemented diet induced increased postprandial blood GLP-1 concentration as compared to control diet. Therefore, 20％supplemented diet might help delaying digestion and absorption,thereby preventing obesity and suppressing appetite. However, no significant difference was observed in postprandial blood parameter when the two fiber sources（beet pulp and cellulose）were taken into account. Since beet pulp was mainly composed of insoluble fiber（about 80％）, the characteristics of the soluble fiber might be lacked.