Hiromi Tsuji
33rd International Congress of Psychology 2024年7月25日 33rd International Congress of Psychology
Flexible thinking is a part of creativity where convergent/divergent thinking tasks have been used to measure creative tendencies. We hypothesised that the emergence of flexible thinking may develop in line with the maturation of executive functions, where multiple pieces of information are manipulated while being mentally represented simultaneously. Previous research suggests that children's experiences, such as having multiple identities, promote flexible thinking, and that personality traits, a tendency to be open to experience, are helpful for creative behaviours (Gaither, Fan, & Kinzler, 2019; Rawlings, Flynn, & Kendal, 2022). We examined the relationship between EFs and flexible thinking, and further explored the moderating effect of personality on this relationship in preschool children.
The study involved 140 three- to six-year-old children. The children's EFs: updating, inhibition and shifting were measured using the Digit Span, Stroop and Dimensional Change Category Sort tasks. Flexible thinking was measured using the Ambiguous Figure Task.
Parental reports were used to obtain Big Five personality trait scores.
Three moderation analyses revealed that Shifting: b=.17, p=.003 and Openness: b=.044, p=.034, were each associated with the Ambiguous Figure Task, and the significant interaction: b=.062, p=.049 revealed that children with higher, b=.29, p=.002, but not lower Openness: b=.051, p=.50, showed a significant positive effect on the Ambiguous Figure Task. A similar trend was found for Updating (b=.054, p<.001), except that Openness did not reach a significant level: b=.035, p=.085. Inhibition was associated with the Ambiguous Figure task, but there was no significant interaction with Openness. None of the other personality traits were found to influence the relationship between EFs and the Ambiguous Figure task.
The results suggest that EFs provide a foundation for the development of flexible thinking and that higher levels of openness play a supporting role for flexible thinking.