山本 聡

The interest in the various effects of environmental conservation which the plant and the green posses in urban area has been rising in recent years. The study on these effects of environmental conservation and the function began in the 1970s and has become lively lately. However, it isn't enough for those study to contribute to the synthetic green openspace consolidation. Since, many cases study concerned about the independent function and the effect, and there are few cases from the viewpoint of distance dimension. This study tries to analyze the effects of environmental conservation in detail which the various green open space existed in urban area keeps through the human behavioral approach. From the analysis results, it makes clear from the existing effect which is brought about by the existing of the green open space and the utilizing effect which is brought about using it. It carried forward an analysis from the viewpoint of distance dimension and the effect area is determined. This study aimed at searching a developing plan for the synthetic green open space consolidation in the future in the daily living area from the study results. The knowledge which was gotten by this study is as follows. 1) On the existence effect, the natural environment supplying effect and the landscape effect are high and the microclimate control effect is low for the 4 types of green open space which are the old tomb, the agricultural land, the reservoir and the block park. According to the effect, on the natural environment supplying effect, the agricultural land is the highest and the old tomb is the next highest. On the landscape effect, the old tomb, the agricultural land and the reservoir which has 2ha wood are high. Especially, the effect at the high surface of the water view reservoir is the highest. On the microclimate control effect, the area where about 40 percent rice paddy are accumulated in the ratio of green coverage in the area is the highest. The effect is mean at the old tomb with the area of fields existed dispersely and reservoir with woods around it. The effect is low for the block park and the reservoir without woods. 2) On the utilizing effect, the larger the scale of the green abundant park is, the better the effect it has in both cases of the disaster and daily use, and vice versa the smaller the scale, the worse the effect. 3) The range of the existing effect is described using the high effective area that equal to or more than 80% of examinees notice an effect. The range of the landscape effect is the widest. The natural environment supplying effect and the microclimate control effect are also wide. The effect area of old tomb and the reservoir which has total large green open space and 2ha woods on the landscape effect is wide with the range of 500m. The range is the 200m width for the 1ha large block park. On the natural environment supplying effect, the old tomb with high visibility and with the reservoir and the woods over 2ha as its neighbor is wide with the range of 500m. For the reservoir with 1ha woods, the 1ha large block park and the block park which has the high ratio of green coverage result in the wide range of 300-400m. The range of the microclimate control effect is very narrow. For the old tomb and the reservoir with the high percentage of the surface of the water and with wood of 2ha or more which the high effective area is only occurred here. The rice field area keeps a high effective area on all existing effects and in all cases all the area could be set with the range of 100m. 4) As for the range of the utilizing effect, the range is 200m for the block park with a area over 2,500m^2 and high ratio of green coverage. For the block park with an area of about 1ha or same as and the neighborhood park in same level, it is spreading to the range of 300m. For the block parks with the low standard and low ratio of green coverage the effective range becomes narrow with the range of 100m. It becomes clear that the utilizing range tends to shift to the rear area at the park in relation to the direction of the line of flow to the daily living base. It is clarified that the range is limited by the cutting-off element near the railway and the high standard road. 5) In order to plot synthetic green open space consolidation in the daily living area through the model of the effective area resulted from the case study, the important point concluded is as follows: It is important to consolidate the green open space from the type which is used as a facility to the type with variety which is emphasized on the naturalness,. to allocate the different kinds of green open space from the viewpoint of the existing effect for these types with special utilizing effect, and to conserve the regional natural resources such as the agricultural land, the reservoir, old tomb etc. It is also very important to create the new space with water and green open space as a whole.

In this research, natural areas and urbanized areas in a waterfront of southern Osaka were classified according to ground cover using Landsat TM data, and an attempt was made to improve the accuracy of such classifications. DN values from band 6 were then used to investigate the relationship between the above ground cover classifications and surface temperature. It was found that accuracy was high in classifying forested and other green categories. In urbanized areas, which have long been thought difficult to classify accurately, it was found that uniform ground cover conditions generate uniform band characteristics. Thus it was demonstrated that even urbanized areas can be classified with some degree of accuracy. Regardless of classification category, areas where the ground cover was urbanized areas had a higher surface temperature than other areas, and it was found that the sea had the effect of lowering surface temperatures on adjacent land.

Environmental correspondence of coloring for elevated urban freeways is discussed in this research. An image processing system was used to create color simulation models of elevated freeways in urban settings, and landscape rations based on these models were made in order to explore future color schemes for elevated freeways. Results showed that landscape comprised primarily of greyish man-made materials look better when elevated freeways also have a monochromatic grey or cool color scheme and are contrasted with their surroundings by means of differing value (brightness). Landscape in which neutral colors predominate look better when elevated freeways have the same hue as their surroundings and are contrasted by means of differing chroma.