増原 直樹

<p><tt>本研究は，SDGs 達成に向けた取組みの一つとして，政府が指定した国内29 のSDGs 未来都市に着目し，環境モデル都市，環境未来都市，SDGs 未来都市が相互に重複する取組みであることを実証するとともに,29 自治体のSDGs 未来都市計画が貢献しようとするゴールを集計した。環境未来都市の中ではゴール７やゴール11 に関する取組みが多かったのに対し，SDGs 未来都市では，それらに加えゴール８，９，13 に関する取組みが増えており，取組みの多いターゲット17.17 に関してグローバル指標とSDGs 未来都市が設定するKPI の傾向が異なっていること，京都市の事例からはローカライズ指標に関するデータ取得や指標範囲設定の困難さの存在を明らかにした。 </tt></p>

In order to evaluate the potential benefit and negative impacts of urbanization on the water-energy-food nexus, analyses have been made in Asia-Pacific countries with production-consumption relationships of water-energy-food nexus. Negative correlations have been found between urbanization rates and energy consumption rates for water and food production. This is because of the difference in decision making processes of resource development as urbanization progresses. Some positive relationships have been found between water consumption for energy production and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and between water consumption for food production and hydro-meteorological conditions such as dry or wet countries.

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Participatory public engagement approaches such as Consensus Conferences, Deliberative Polling®, and Planning Cells have been used to try and resolve environmental disputes in Japan; however, the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches have not been analyzed adequately or comprehensively. This paper evaluates practical applications of each of the above participatory approaches and conducts a crosscutting analysis of these applications to evaluate how effectively each approach provides scientific information to participants and to consider how the quality of deliberations that occur during these processes affect their outputs. Based on existing classification of participatory processes, and methodology for public involvement in US environmental decision-making, this study compares and contrasts the processes and outcomes of 25 participatory planning case studies in Japan. After compiling a case inventory of participatory approaches, the features of one approach are documented using qualitative analysis, and the aspects of four other approaches are confirmed using crosscutting analysis. In so doing, the likely strengths and weaknesses of each approach are suggested as follows. When discussions require an understanding of scientific knowledge, the Consensus Conference tends to be more suitable than the DP approach. If the consensus of participants is expected, the Consensus Conference is also thought to be suitable. But through a DP process or Simplified Planning Cells approach, we can know the quantitative portion of each opinion through results of ballots. In sum, new participatory approach that incorporates strengths of the Consensus Conference and the Simplified Planning Cells into Local Environmental Planning is needed. Thus, the quality of consensus building could be improved.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;tt&gt;本研究では，市区町村の環境政策分野において基本的な文書として浸透してきた環境基本計画と新たな環境関連計画を含めた計画群全体の状況を把握し，環境関連計画間の連携に関する課題を抽出した。手法としては，行政資料を基に環境関連計画の時系列変化を整理するとともに，&lt;/tt&gt;2 &lt;tt&gt;市のケーススタディを実施した。環境計画群全体の状況として，計画種類数の増加が観察され，課題として計画策定に関するメタ・デザインの必要性を指摘した。ケーススタディからの示唆として，環境関連計画が増加する自治体では，計画間で目標年次の整合性を確保したり，計画策定や実施過程に参加する市民組織の分散を避けたりする工夫が求められる。&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/p&gt;