Kazuhiro Ohira

In this study, we clarified the composition of green spaces inside and outside the hospital sites and use of rehabilitation and perception of its effects in Hyogo Prefecture. As a results of the questionnaire survey, 86.3% of 109 hospitals had green spaces inside and outside the hospital sites<tt>，</tt>and 87.2% of those green spaces provided opportunities for physiotherapy. It was suggested that there is a psychological effect on rehabilitation in multiple in-site green spaces and a physical effect on rehabilitation in adjacent green spaces. In addition, as a result of analyzing the relationship between use of rehabilitation, DID and composition of green spaces using GIS, most of the hospitals that rehabilitate in the adjacent green spaces were located in urban areas. Analysis of aerial photographs suggested that the number and size of green spaces had an effect on whether or not it was used for rehabilitation.

<p>In order to clarify the issues on succession of the traditional events, we investigated the places where the traditional events are held, the relation to the traditional events of the local residents, and resident consciousness of the future way in Ibusuki city, Kagoshima prefecture. The results show that most of the festivals of the "Kado" such as Moidon and Uchigami were held at the private lands, and most of the traditional events on village or elementary school district such as Onibitaki and Rokugatsudo were held at the community centers or the common open spaces of the village communities. It is suggested that the local residents lack the sense of belonging to the "Kado", therefore the festivals of Moidon and Uchigami have become difficult to continue. It is necessary for the festivals of the "Kado" to expand the management unit to the village, and to reconsider the places of implementation. On the other hand, Onibitaki and Rokugatsudo were found to be events for all generations to participate. However, it became clear that the younger generation had a tendency to feel the problems against the future implementation of these two kinds of events.</p>

In this study, we investigated the conservation of post-mining landscape in a small-scale village in Akenobe-ku Oya-cho Yabu-city, Hyogo. First, we found that the following landscape was important by comparing the building arrangement and the landscape elements with the most population map and the current map; the streets of historic villages, houses along rivers, mining company housings. And as a result of the questionnaire, there was a difference in recognition between the residents and the people who involve in town development from outside the area for the importance of mining facilities and townscape. In addition, we considered how to utilize vacant houses according to the characteristics of each area by the distribution survey of vacant houses.

<p>Since middle ages Ryukyu Kingdom, Amami Oshima have long had faith in such an indigenous folk religion as Noro. This religion maintained sanctuaries such as Kamiyama (a holy mountain) and Kamimichi (a clean way), miya (a central plaza), toneya (a religious hut). However, Noro faces the crisis of the extinction as a result that a religious system changed under the influence of the modernization. Therefore, we investigated the succession of Noro religion in each village and relationship with ritual spaces from interview to regional inhabitant. As results, it was clarified that the village events as "the respect for the elderly festival" and Noro religion such as "the harvest festival" were gathered, to reduce the burden on local resident and to invite gallery. Moreover, it was confirmed that miya and toneya were not only easy to maintain but also utilized. On the other hand, kamiyama was maintained but is not used. Moreover, kamimichi was just before disappearance without being used.</p>

<p>"Moidon" is a forest of the old folk belief to be left on Satsuma and Osumi Peninsula in Kagoshima, and it is enshrined as the standpoint of the community. Moidon tends to disappear in recent years, it is necessary to consider the effect of a public measure such as cultural property and the necessity of other conservation system. In order to clarify the effects of designation of cultural property and issues to inherit Moidon, we investigated the transition of spatial composition, flora, events such as the festival, and management of the Moidon, and resident consciousness against the Moidon designated the cultural property of Ibusuki City. The results show that the subsidy from the city works effectively in management of the Moidon, and the designation contributes to the recognition of residents to the Moidon. It is suggested that consolidation and simplification of festivals related to the Moidon is advanced, and continuance of the festival and management has been difficult. It is necessary to spread understanding and to enlarge participants of Moidon.</p>

<p>We analyzed the relation between citizens' demands and the spatial-environmental factors of street trees in Higashiosaka City and found three important points. In residential districts, street trees must be maintained to ensure that their shapes and sizes complement the residential environment. In residential?commercial mixed districts, street trees must be systematically maintained for ensuring good visibility with consideration to large vehicles and cleaning of the fallen leaves and spraying insecticides with consideration to pedestrians. In residential?industrial mixed districts, shrubs must be maintained to ensure good visibility in spatially and environmentally limited planting spaces. </p>

<p>It is important to analyze streetscape because the street becomes the place where the pedestrian experience townscape. In this study, we investigated how to see landscape resources on typical streets by focusing on sequential landscape in the old castle town in Sanda City, Hyogo. We took pictures of the streetscape every 15m, and grasped having landscape resources or not in the photograph. Based on this result, we extracted typical scene landscapes on the streets, and specified 13 important areas where landscape resources are seen characteristically by analysis of sequentiality of scene landscape and road shape. In important areas, road shape such as a curve or a slope affected how to see landscape resources, and created characteristic sequential landscape. It is suggested that extracting of important areas enables showing the place where should be worked on landscape planning as priority, and the basis of guidelines for landscape planning of old castle town.</p>

<p>In this study, we investigated the relation between a distribution of landscape resources and the residents' recognition in the old castle town in Sanda City, Hyogo. We divided a study area with 3 areas; old residential area, merchant's houses area and teramachi area by the land use of the early modern times and current. And we picked up 295 landscape resources by the field survey. At the result, there was difference in the distribution of green spaces and historical buildings between 3 areas. At the results of the questionnaire survey to residents while they strolling through the town and taking a workshop for the landscape of the study area, there were 124 recognition points. And 46% of recognition points didn't correspond to landscape resources. In addition, there were difference in the recognition types between 6 spots where recognition points were concentrated, such as the nostalgic type appeared in the park and water-way and the symbolic types appeared in the street with historic buildings. These results suggested that the importance of considering the landscape planning for 6 model spots of 3 areas in the old castle town.</p>

<p>"Moidon" is a sacred place of the old folk belief to be left on Satsuma and Osumi Peninsula in Kagoshima, or a deity enshrined at the sacred place. Moidon is not only a large forest, but also a big tree or a small bush, and usually does not have shrine buildings. Moidon is considered an invaluable asset because it leaves the origin of the Japanese Shinto shrine in now. In this study, we investigated location, continuation situation, the spatial morphology, spatial transformation, relation of local residents, having folklore or not, and management system of some Moidon around Kinko-cho, Kagoshima prefecture. The results shows that Moidon tends to disappear, reduce or be moved in recent years for some kind of development such as agricultural field improvement. On the other hand, in some Moidon, development has been avoided by the curse of Moidon. The relation to local residents such as the festival, offering, and cleaning tends to decrease. It is suggested that Moidon is located in the place where is important to the community spatially. It is necessary to regenerate Moidon as the standpoint of the community by addition of public support.</p>

Many citizen's demands on roadside trees make unplanned prunes and a change for the worse landscape. In this study we analyzed a citizen's demands on maintaining roadside trees in Higashiosaka City. To use a method of analysis on administrative operations, we utilize a text data of citizen's demands on maintaining roadside trees that Higashiosaka City government has, and use simple text mining tool. As a result of analysis, we have showed that text mining tool can grasp relations between various citizen's demands visually, and extracted important words and clusters. And as a result of classification of administrative responses, we have confirmed a germinations of public-private partnership and potentials of reflection to maintenance plan of roadside trees. From the above results, we examined that 1) text mining valid for grasping the citizen's demands of roadside trees, 2) the department of maintaining roadside tree must have a mid and long-term maintenance plan and authorized role-sharing with residents.

In this study, we investigated the stage of self-government of the regional autonomous organization called the district council. And we studied thirteen councils in Sayo town, Hyogo. The stage of each council was estimated by activities which written in the plan and currently carried out. As a result, compared with the stage which written in the plan, there was a difference remarkable in the stage which currently carried out between councils. And the result of the interview survey to the center director of each council, it was suggested that such a difference arose because local residents could not be adapted for uniform organization establishment, or the support system was insufficient. Finally, we considered the support according to the stage and the directivity which each council should aim at.

In this study, we investigated the residents' participation in a festival and the community consciousness of residents in the area where the residents' organization was divided by the urbanization. The study area was the region of the old Tenma village in Otsu-ku, Himeji-shi, Hyougo-ken. And the festival which we investigated was an autumn festival of the Usukihachiman Shrine. We comprehended the changes in the residents' organization and the management of the festival by interview survey to the residents and follow-up survey of a festival float. As a result, the study area was divided into 5 districts based on each property. And according to the results of questionnaire survey to each district, the residents living at the old village were managing the festival according to the old custom. And they were building a close community compared with other residents. On the other hand, the households which only view the festival had a stronger attachment to the local area than the households without participation in the festival. In order to utilize the festival to reconstruct a local community, it is necessary to create opportunities and places for participation in the festival in districts other than the old village.

In this study, we developed the habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Vargula hilgendorfii on the sandy beach in the eastern coast of Osaka bay with rearing experiments and the field survey. According to rearing experiments which set 6 plots (salinity; 0.5-3.0%), the EC50 value of salinity was 1.57%. The ED50 value of dissolved-oxygen was 3.70mg/L by rearing experiments which set 6 plots (dissolved-oxygen; 1.0-over6.0mg/L). And the regression trees analysis of a data of survey in the southern Osaka found that the unsuitable condition of mud-content was over 1.280%. The HSI model for V. hilgendorfii which was developed by these results had predicted 73.2% of the number of V. hilgendorfii on the sandy beach in the eastern coast of Osaka bay.

Recently, Yamamori who is the forest manager in Yoshino forestry has been declined functionally, but they continue still contributing to keep management state of forest. We classified Yamamori into 3 types: Extended type, Conventional type, Declining type. Because of the management practice which didn't restricted by the conventional custom in Yoshino forestry, only Extended type is able to get sustainability in forest management. In future, it is necessary to reconsider the conventional custom, and prepare the system to support Extended type.

In this study, we identified bottom environments suitable for habitation by Vargula hilgendorfii, or the sea-firefly, and the relationship between their habitats and the construction and maintenance of the sandy beach. The study areas included 7 observation lines at 5 sandy beaches in southern Osaka. The construction was assessed by the origin of sands and construction of artificial structures, and maintenance was assessed by leveling of sands and replenishment of sand. Bottom environments and the number of V. hilgendorfii were assessed using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler. Statistical analysis of a classification and regression trees found the following suitable conditions for V. hilgendorfii inhabitation; oxidation-reduction potential of more than -5.5mV and sorting coefficient of less than 0.646. In addition, statistical analysis of a generalized linear model found habitats of V. hilgendorfii were created in the following places; places where without an artificial structure, places where water depth was shallow due to replenishment of sand. On the other hand, places where the bottom sediment was deoxidized due to offshore breakwaters and jetties hindering tidal currents were unsuitable for V. hilgendorfii. These results suggested that the difference of the construction and maintenance of the sandy beach influenced on the habitats of V. hilgendorfii.

In this study, we identified bottom environments suitable for habitation by Vargula hilgendorfii, or the sea-firefly, whose habitat is the sea floor in shallow water, and environmental conditions which may affect habitation. The study areas included 70 points at 17 sandy areas off the eastern coast of Osaka Bay, where environmental degradation has been a concern. The quality of water and sediment on the sea floor was assessed, and the number of sea-fireflies inhabiting the locations was evaluated using bait-traps. The results showed that no or only a few sea-fireflies survive in the following places; places where salinity and dissolved oxygen were reduced due to nearby rivers, places where the bottom sediment was deoxidized due to artificial structures hindering tidal currents, and places where there was an accumulation of fine sand due to its drifting along rapid currents. The majority of the sea-fireflies live at limited locations in the center of Osaka Bay. Statistical analysis of a generalized linear model found the following conditions necessary for sea-firefly inhabitation; dissolved oxygen (explained deviance; 27.2%), oxidation-reduction potential (18.3%), salinity (12.8%), and mud content (7.3%).