Yasuro Uchida
Paradigm Shift in Technologies and Innovation Systems 73-103 2019年1月1日
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019. Since the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995, international standardization of intellectual property (IP) has become more important as multinational enterprise form their international competitive advantages. This activity means “the internationalization of IP.” In addition, Internet of Things (IoT) has become important in recent years, and the activities of related technologies are being aggressively promoted. What is important in IoT is the development of an environment that can utilize this technology regardless of industry type. In other words, it is “inter-industrialization of IP.” Today’s technological development competition is inevitably the “inter-industrialization of IP” while at the same time the “internationalization of IP.” Moreover, when internationalization and inter-industrialization are promoted at the same time, it turns out that there is a big change in the role of IP. In the past, one of the roles of IP was to generate a source of revenues from royalties, but what is now increasing in IoT-related business fields is actually royalty-free. Thus, a paradigm shift in IoT field has occurred. Now there are more cases where patent holders have made their IP royalty-free. Consequently, it is royalty-free IP that holds the key to the paradigm shift in the IoT field. Why royalty-free cases are increasing is examined in detail along with the phenomenon’s background in this chapter. Furthermore, this chapter aims to clarify what kind of technology strategy is required for MNEs promoting technology development in such a complex business environment. At the same time, a new “viewpoint of inter-industrial business studies” is added to existing international business studies.