源城 かほり

高齢夫婦世帯2軒を対象としたエネルギー消費量と室内熱環境に関する一年間にわたる実測を実施して,高齢夫婦世帯のエネルギー消費実態を明らかにするとともに,省エネルギーに配慮したライフスタイル実践の効果に関する実験を冬期,春期,夏期に実施し,省エネルギーライフスタイルの実践によるエネルギー消費量の削減効果について検討した。その結果,以下の知見が明らかになった。(1)対象住宅2軒の年間積算エネルギー消費量は45GJ/年であり,同じ地域における他の調査の2人以上世帯に比べて20%ほど少ない。しかし,室内熱環境の質は必ずしも良いとは言えない。(2)対象住宅2軒において,省エネライフスタイルの実践により,冬期のエネルギー消費量を普段の生活に比べて13%,7%ずつ削減できた事例を得た。(3)対象住宅において効果的な省エネライフスタイルメニューを明らかにした。

Two-years investigation on energy consumption was carried out for 9 residential buildings in Tohoku district from Dec. 2002 to Nov. 2004. In order to make clear the effect of low-impact life style on energy consumption, the low-impact life style menu on energy consumption was indicated to the occupants in 7 residential buildings, and the actions following the menu was investigated. The action period was a week in spring, summer and winter, respectively, in the second year. This paper reports the measurement results of energy consumption for two years and analyzes the causes of difference of energy consumption between the two years. The main results are following: 1) The annual energy consumption decreased 6% in the second compared to that in the first year. 2) The average of energy saving effect was 6% during the action of low-impact life style of a week in spring and summer. However, in winter, the average of energy consumption increased 11% compared with that of the week before the action. One of the reasons is the colder weather. 3) After the action of low-impact life style of a week, the average of energy saving effect was 4% in spring and 7% in summer compared with that of the week before the action. On the contrary, the average of energy consumption increased 13% in winter. 4) The results indicated that the energy consumption decreased in the second year because the energy saving consciousness became stronger after low-impact life style was acted.

Helsinki, Finland, June 10-14, 2007

In order to consider the efficient residential energy conservation, measurements on energy consumption and thermal environment for four houses in Akita Prefecture have been conducted for two years. Annual and monthly energy consumption classified by end-use, and energy consumptions for some appliances in a typical summer and winter day were shown. In conclusion, the total energy consumption per household was 40-82 GJ/a, and that for space heating and hot water supply was to be 70%, showed a tendency with seasonal fluctuations, and varied house to house due to the differences of space heating form and usage pattern for each appliance.

In order to study the effect of home energy saving by improvement of occupants' low impact life style, field measurement and computer analysis have been done. Four measured houses are located in Akita prefecture and insulated thermally on the envelopes. In the simulation study, the coupling model of the transient simulation program with calculation model for indoor heat generation pattern has been used. This paper concludes that low impact life style should have the effect on a decrease in energy consumption and about 10% of the decreasing ratio could be expected by a shift in low impact life style.

A long-term investigation on energy consumption has been carried out for 13 residential buildings in Tohoku district since Nov. 2002. In order to make clear the effect of low-impact life style on energy consumption, the life style menu was indicated to the occupants in 9 residential buildings, and the actions following the menu was investigated. Also energy consumption was analyzed during a week when the low-impact life style was acted. The results are as follows: 1) The actions for the low-impact life style were: "to control the heat loss or heat gain by using curtains and blinds", "to put the cover on a bathtub after bathing", "to set PC at saving energy mode" and so on. 2) The average energy saving effect by low-impact life style is 5% in June and August.

Indoor thermal environment, energy consumption and occupant's behavior of 620 detached houses in 12 cities of Tohoku district were investigated in the winter of 2002 by means of the questionnaire and the measurement using liquid crystal thermometers. The same investigations have been performed at an interval of 10 years since 1982. The purpose of this study is to grasp the trend of indoor thermal environment and energy consumption in houses, form the view of the change for 20 years, and to obtain more information on the indoor enviroment design in the future. This paper describes the change for 20 years of indoor temperatures, occupants' behavior and kerosene consumption during the heating season in each cities, and analyzed result on regional characteristics of winter thermal performance. As a reslut, it was concluded that cities of Tohoku area could be divided into three groups from the viewpoint of thermal performance and occupant's behavior. Aomori was similar to Sapporo, and these of Tohoku city area become more and more like Sapporo during 20 years.

The thermal environment and energy consumption of 13 residential buildings (including 9 detached houses and 4 apartments), which are situated in the northern region in Japan, have been investigated since the fall of 2002. Result of this survey, In a detached houses, the largest energy consumption is 121. 6GJ/a, the least is 38.6GJ/a, and the average is 60.0GJ/a. In contrary, these values for the apartment case are 62.2GJ/a, 34.9GJ/a. and 49.73GJ/a. In compared with the average value, the consumption of detached houses is 19. 3GJ/a more than that of the apartment. In other words, the consumption in the detached houses is about 1.4 times more of the apartment.

気密化された建物でも,内外環境条件の影響により設置されている換気システムが計画通り機能しない事が懸念される.内外環境条件の変化に対して,比較的安定した換気性能を持つと考えられる,再循環空気を持つ第1種換気システムを備えた気密化実験住宅を対象に,実環境条件化で延べ180日にわたり,CO_2スタットを用いた換気効率の簡易測定システムを用いた,換気効率の実測を繰り返し行った.その結果,測定対象に対する実環境条件の差異による測定値のばらつきに関する基礎的資料を蓄積するとともに,本対象に限っていえば,冷房・暖房時ともにばらつきの主要因は外部風速であるなどの知見が得られた.

設置やデータ処理が容易なCO_2スタットを天井面に設置する簡易測定システムを提案し,再循環空気(約2回/h)をもつ第1種換気を備えた実験住宅を対象に,一般的に行われているサンプリングチューブを用いた既往の測定システムとの比較検討を行った.その結果,(1)スタットとチューブの呼吸高(F.L.+1.1m)での結果にステップアップ法では最大10%程度の差があるが,ステップダウン法ではほぼ一致し,(2)天井面(F.L.+2.4m)のスタットと呼吸高でのサンプリングチューブを用いた結果に±10%程の差があるものの,ほぼ同様な外気分配状況を示しており,再循環風量の大きな換気システムでの提案した方法の有用性が示された.

Measurements were carried out during the winter to evaluate the indoor climate and energy consumption of well-insulated detached houses equipped with central kerosene heating systems in Tohoku District. Indoor temperatures were found to be stable during the day and had small vertical temperature differences, excluding the cases where the systems were used improperly. The operation of the heating systems and energy consciousness vary depending on individual cases and accordingly the daily kerosene consumption range from 10 to 20L/day. The results clearly indicate that proper use of central heating system would save energy while maintaining the indoor thermal comfort.