Hiroki Akazawa

<p>In this study, we will understand the actual situation of street trees maintenance management systems in local governments in Japan and the development status of street trees maintenance management plans and management guidelines. Next, this study was to understand the current state of the street trees maintenance management system and its impact, and to investigate the problems of citizen's participation in street trees maintenance management. As a result, street trees maintenance work is mainly done in the civil engineering road sector. In large local governments, staff specializes in landscaping, while in small local governments, it's mainly civil engineering. In addition, most street trees management methods are outsourced by contractors, with less than half direct management by staff. The policy to maintain street trees is positioned in many local government green master plans. Since 2015, local governments have developed conservation plans for street trees and are working on sound conservation. Since the 2000s, local governments have been working on maintenance management systems with the participation of residents. Most of them are road beautification activities based on adaptive systems. In the future, the challenge will be to further expand the system and raise citizen's interest and value perception.</p>

<p>This study aims to discuss the psychological process how the evaluation and perception of residential area or neighborhood parks were connected with the formation of attachment to residential area through neighborhood parks. Concretely, the structural equation modeling was conducted based on the results of questionnaire surveys for the residents in new town. In addition, this study targeted two areas with different resident's activities, "Suzaku area" and "Sakyo area" in new town where the site of "Basic Parks for Community Use" is planned because the relationship between "evaluation and perception of residential area or neighborhood parks" and "attachment to residential area" is discussed limited to the park. As a result, the following findings were obtained; 1) in both areas, "attachment to residential area" is influenced "attachment to neighborhood parks." And, the positive "evaluation of neighborhood park environment" and "involvement through participation into neighborhood park activities" encourages "attachment to residential area" through "evaluation of residential environment," "involvement through participation into residential activities" and "attachment to neighborhood parks." 2) The difference is revealed that "attachment to residential area" and "attachment to neighborhood parks" have influence on each other only in "Suzaku area" which residents pursue activities.</p>

In this study, we investigated the conservation of post-mining landscape in a small-scale village in Akenobe-ku Oya-cho Yabu-city, Hyogo. First, we found that the following landscape was important by comparing the building arrangement and the landscape elements with the most population map and the current map; the streets of historic villages, houses along rivers, mining company housings. And as a result of the questionnaire, there was a difference in recognition between the residents and the people who involve in town development from outside the area for the importance of mining facilities and townscape. In addition, we considered how to utilize vacant houses according to the characteristics of each area by the distribution survey of vacant houses.

In this study, we ascertained roadside residents' awareness of the area and its street trees based on the questionnaire for the residents in order to analyze the structure of factors influencing their commitment to the maintenance of street trees, using covariance structure analysis. The results revealed that awareness of "perception of the value of street trees" increases simultaneously with awareness of "perception of the value of the area"; thus, both have a strong, positive mutual influence. The structure is clarified as one whereby "commitment to the maintenance of street trees" is strongly influenced by "perception of the value of street trees," whereas "awareness of the problem of street trees" is not strongly influenced by "perception of the value of street trees." "Evaluation awareness of the management situation of street trees" and "recognition of the function served by street trees"are strongly influenced by "perception of the value of street trees."

<p>We analyzed the relation between citizens' demands and the spatial-environmental factors of street trees in Higashiosaka City and found three important points. In residential districts, street trees must be maintained to ensure that their shapes and sizes complement the residential environment. In residential?commercial mixed districts, street trees must be systematically maintained for ensuring good visibility with consideration to large vehicles and cleaning of the fallen leaves and spraying insecticides with consideration to pedestrians. In residential?industrial mixed districts, shrubs must be maintained to ensure good visibility in spatially and environmentally limited planting spaces. </p>

<p>It is important to analyze streetscape because the street becomes the place where the pedestrian experience townscape. In this study, we investigated how to see landscape resources on typical streets by focusing on sequential landscape in the old castle town in Sanda City, Hyogo. We took pictures of the streetscape every 15m, and grasped having landscape resources or not in the photograph. Based on this result, we extracted typical scene landscapes on the streets, and specified 13 important areas where landscape resources are seen characteristically by analysis of sequentiality of scene landscape and road shape. In important areas, road shape such as a curve or a slope affected how to see landscape resources, and created characteristic sequential landscape. It is suggested that extracting of important areas enables showing the place where should be worked on landscape planning as priority, and the basis of guidelines for landscape planning of old castle town.</p>

<p>In this study, we investigated the relation between a distribution of landscape resources and the residents' recognition in the old castle town in Sanda City, Hyogo. We divided a study area with 3 areas; old residential area, merchant's houses area and teramachi area by the land use of the early modern times and current. And we picked up 295 landscape resources by the field survey. At the result, there was difference in the distribution of green spaces and historical buildings between 3 areas. At the results of the questionnaire survey to residents while they strolling through the town and taking a workshop for the landscape of the study area, there were 124 recognition points. And 46% of recognition points didn't correspond to landscape resources. In addition, there were difference in the recognition types between 6 spots where recognition points were concentrated, such as the nostalgic type appeared in the park and water-way and the symbolic types appeared in the street with historic buildings. These results suggested that the importance of considering the landscape planning for 6 model spots of 3 areas in the old castle town.</p>

Many citizen's demands on roadside trees make unplanned prunes and a change for the worse landscape. In this study we analyzed a citizen's demands on maintaining roadside trees in Higashiosaka City. To use a method of analysis on administrative operations, we utilize a text data of citizen's demands on maintaining roadside trees that Higashiosaka City government has, and use simple text mining tool. As a result of analysis, we have showed that text mining tool can grasp relations between various citizen's demands visually, and extracted important words and clusters. And as a result of classification of administrative responses, we have confirmed a germinations of public-private partnership and potentials of reflection to maintenance plan of roadside trees. From the above results, we examined that 1) text mining valid for grasping the citizen's demands of roadside trees, 2) the department of maintaining roadside tree must have a mid and long-term maintenance plan and authorized role-sharing with residents.

The developments of reclaimed farmlands were performed actively in Osaka in the Edo era. As a result the vast lands, which amounts to more than 20,000 ha, were produced, and it was happened to exert a great influence on urban development in the last part of the Meiji era. Because they were the reclamation of the shallow water and also, were under development by private capital that was called "Chonin Ukeoi Shinden", reclaimed farmlands contracted by the trading class, the circumstances may be quite different from those of the inland rural areas. It is important to know how the settlement formation there was from the point of view of understanding the characteristics of urbanization in Osaka, but the reality is not well known. Its features and circumstances of settlement formation in the coastal area of development of new farmlands in the early Meiji era, we tried to reveal through comparison with the inland rural areas. The results of the study based on the historical data and maps, are as follows: there were the villages with no settlements, and without any shrines or temples having close ties with colonization in the coastal area, unlike the inland rural area.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of "the Forest of the 21st Century in Amagasaki Project" to urban greenery by Public - Private Partnerships. Massive roadside greenery on some heavy and chemical factories had been achieved by new ordinance of Amagasaki City and subsidy program of Hyogo Pref. And very small space greenery "Sukima Ryokka" in small and medium size factory which don't have greenery obligation in a plant location law had been achieved by support from citizen groups. "The Forest of the 21st Century in Amagasaki Project" is long term vision of urban regeneration, and have been lead a Public - Private Partnerships. Although these outcomes are random order, vision of this project has applied to many stakeholder's plans and activities. This paper describes that a planning theory by vision and network is effective in large scale project, especially Public - Private Partnerships type. On the other hand, some problems and importance are clarified. In each project driving, share of purpose during many stakeholders are required and results of activities must be transfer to stakeholders and citizens. In next stage of this project, opportunities for wider participation are necessary.

In this study, we investigated the stage of self-government of the regional autonomous organization called the district council. And we studied thirteen councils in Sayo town, Hyogo. The stage of each council was estimated by activities which written in the plan and currently carried out. As a result, compared with the stage which written in the plan, there was a difference remarkable in the stage which currently carried out between councils. And the result of the interview survey to the center director of each council, it was suggested that such a difference arose because local residents could not be adapted for uniform organization establishment, or the support system was insufficient. Finally, we considered the support according to the stage and the directivity which each council should aim at.

This study aims to consider the change in value cognition of tree of city and clarify the species and the location of valuable trees in case of Osaka from the Edo Period to the present day. The sources to obtain data necessary for analyzing what the valuable trees were like are the lists of them contained in some publications focusing on famous tree in the Edo Period, the pre-modern age, and protected trees and giant trees in the modern age and the present day. The analyses of the lists made it clear that the value of tree of city was placed on object of appreciation in the pre-modern age and object of conservation as natural treasure after the modern age, and is placed on symbol of nature in the recent day, that the most valuable trees were changed from pine and cherry tree in the pre-modern age to camphor tree after the modern age, and that it has been unchanged shrines and temples are the major location for valuable tree all the time since the Edo Period.

Department of park and green of Hyogo Prefecture had settled on a regenerating plan of Nishimuko Park form 2002 to 2004. To promote this regenerating plan, park management council was organized with civic groups, and has shouldered a part of park management. We have taken a part in management of this council, and have studied about process of changing organization and activities of this council. As the result, it was effective for management of district parks to make a park management plan which set a middle or long-term policy of the park and community-based council which is organized with civic groups. Park management plan will make common prospects of the park, so civic groups will have autonomous and continuous activities in a park and be able to invite other civic groups to join a community-based council. And community-based council will be consistent with public use and community use in a district park, activation of park service and attraction making of the district.

Department of park and green of Hyogo Prefecture had settled on a regenerating plan of Nishimuko Park form 2002 to 2004. To promote this regenerating plan, park management council was organized with civic groups, and has shouldered a part of park management. We have taken a part in management of this council, and have studied about process of changing organization and activities of this council. As the result, it was effective for management of district parks to make a park management plan which set a middle or long-term policy of the park and community-based council which is organized with civic groups. Park management plan will make common prospects of the park, so civic groups will have autonomous and continuous activities in a park and be able to invite other civic groups to join a community-based council. And community-based council will be consistent with public use and community use in a district park, activation of park service and attraction making of the district.

From 2006 to 2009, in the Akashi Kaikyo National Government Park, Kobe,we considered the validity and effectiveness of the citizen participation and the possibility of the social capital formation through the action research which experimented with some park operations before the park would open. As the result, it was effective for the social capital formation to promote opportunities for civic organizational operations to be involved in various participations. For the use of the park, it led to the revitalization of the motivation which influenced on the quality of activities that it combi...

In this study, which focused on the Yume Program (consisting of self-planning/operating programs) operated by thirty citizens groups which take place in the Arimafuji Park, Hyogo Prefecyure, a survey and analysis were conducted concerning characteristics of the citizens groups and the programs, as well as the contents of their activities, which the group representatives find important and satisfactory, for continuation of their activities. The study showed that the following factors are essential in order to continue such activities ; the sense of purpose developed in many of the citizens g...

This study deals with the planting activity at Minamiashiyahama Apartment Complex which aim at community formation. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the ideal method of supporting planting activity through typing the participant's opinions. As a result, it is important that participants develop activity from natural factor into living factor. And we found two effective supports. 1) Support to private activities about natural factor. 2) Support to process construction through taking part type support.

In this study, a questionnaire was conducted on residents of Minamiashiyahama-Danchi in order to clarify the structure of community formation through the planting activities with aged people. As the result of covariance structure analysis, we found that 1) The strong correlation was observed between the participation in planting activities and community formation, and this tendency became even stronger when the property of open space was more public. 2) Participation in planting activities and increasing of acquaintance on Rakuno-Koza led to participation in planting activities on terraced field. So we suggest that participation in planting activities on public space work well for community formations of aged people, and events that will lead to participation in planting activities on public space are needed.