鈴木 敏和

Background: Pometia pinnata (matoa) peel powder attenuates high-fat diet-induced adiposity and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats, but the responsible compounds remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds that may contribute to this phenotype, with an emphasis on pancreatic lipase inhibition as a candidate mechanism. Methods: Rats received high-fat diets containing matoa peel powder, or its water- or ethanol extraction residue. Visceral fat accumulation, hepatic lipid deposition, and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. An ethanol extract was fractionated by activity-guided column chromatography based on pancreatic lipase-inhibitory activity, and structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed to assess inhibition of fatty acid release by the extract or isolated compounds. Results: The visceral adiposity- and hepatic lipid-modulating effects observed with matoa peel powder were retained in the water extraction residue but not in the ethanol extraction residue, suggesting removal of bioactive constituents by ethanol extraction. The ethanol extract inhibited pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 740 µg/mL). Two active compounds—hederagenin saponin and protocatechuic acid—were isolated, and both inhibited pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 149 µmol/L and 404 µmol/L, respectively). Under simulated digestion in vitro, the ethanol extract and protocatechuic acid reduced free fatty acid release, whereas hederagenin saponin did not. Conclusions: Matoa peel powder contains ethanol-soluble constituents, including pancreatic lipase-inhibitory compounds that may contribute to the modulation of adiposity and hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat-diet-fed rats. The attenuation of individual-compound activity under simulated digestion is consistent with matrix- and intestinal milieu-dependent effects, and supports a multi-component mechanism involving saponins, phenolics (protocatechuic acid), and their intestinal biotransformation products.

The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3808607, rs2072183, rs2032582, and rs1761667 are associated with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) bioavailability in women after long-term CoQ10 supplementation. However, the beneficial aspects of the association between these SNPs and CoQ10 supplementation remain unknown. We investigated their relationship using the subjective quality of life score SF-36 by reanalyzing previous data from 92 study participants who were receiving ubiquinol (a reduced form of CoQ10) supplementation for 1 year. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between rs1761667 and the SF-36 scores of role physical (p = 0.016) and mental health (p = 0.017) in women. Subgrouping of participants based on the above four SNPs revealed significant interactions between these SNPs and the SF-36 scores of general health (p = 0.045), role emotional (p = 0.008), and mental health (p = 0.019) and increased serum CoQ10 levels (p = 0.008), suggesting that the benefits of CoQ10 supplementation, especially in terms of psychological parameters, are genotype-dependent in women. However, significant interactions were not observed in men. Therefore, inclusion of SNP subgrouping information in clinical trials of CoQ10 supplementation may provide conclusive evidence supporting other beneficial health effects exerted by the association between these SNPs and CoQ10 on women.

【目的】CoQ10サプリメントの摂取は、アンチエイジング効果や健康維持への有用性が期待されている。しかし、同量のCoQ10サプリメントを摂取しても血清CoQ10レベルには個人差がみられ、この差がサプリメント効果の体感の差につながると考えられる。ビタミンやミネラル等の栄養素の吸収は、食事の影響を受けることから、CoQ10の吸収もまた食事の影響を受ける可能性が考えられる。本研究は、CoQ10サプリメント摂取臨床試験に参加している愛媛県上島町の住民を対象とし、CoQ10サプリメント長期摂取後の血清CoQ10レベルと食習慣との関連を検討した。【方法】愛媛県上島町の住民135名（男性43名：年齢61.9±12.7歳、女性92名：年齢62.6±12.4歳）を対象とし、CoQ10サプリメント(100～120mg/日)を摂取させた。サプリメント摂取前、および摂取開始から1年後に採血を行った。また、簡易型自記式食事歴法質問票を用いて食習慣を調査した。【結果】サプリメント摂取後に血中CoQ10レベルの高い被検者群では、サプリメント摂取前の血清CoQ10レベルも他の群と比較して高値を示した。食習慣においては、他の群と比較して男女ともに卵類や乳類の摂取が多い傾向にあった。【考察】CoQ10の体内への取り込みは、食習慣の影響を受ける可能性のあることが示唆された。また、乳化により安定なエマルションを形成し易い卵類や乳類といった食品、およびコレステロールを含んでいる食材とCoQ10を一緒に摂取することで、その吸収率が上がった可能性がある。サプリメントと同時に摂取する食品の組合わせを考慮することが、サプリメント効果体感率の改善につながると考えられた。